Q1) Under laminar conditions, the volume flow rate Q through a small triangular-section pore of side length (b) and length (L) is a function of viscosity (u), pressure drop per unit length (AP/L), and (b). Using dimensional analysis to rewrite this relation. How does the volume flow changes if the pore size (b) is doubled?
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- A- Womersley number (a) of a human aorta is 20 and for the rabbit aorta is 17, the blood density is approximately the same across the species. The values of viscosity were 0.0035 Ns/m² for the human and 0.0040 Ns/m² for the rabbit. The diameter of the aorta is 2.0 cm for the man, and 0.7 cm for the rabbit, estimate the heart rate beats per minute (bpm) for both speciesThe laminar flow of a fluid with a constant viscosity, 4, inside a channel is governed by the following boundary value problem (strong form): d'u dp for y E (0, h) "dy dr u = 0 at y = 0 and y = h vhere u is the fluid velocity and is the pressure drop in the direction of the flow. a) Derive the weak form of the boundary value problem described above.Viscosity can be measured by flow through a thin-bore or capillary tube if the flow rate is low. For length L, (small) diameter D« L, pressure drop Ap, and (low) volume flow rate Q, the formula for viscosity is u = D'Ap/(CLQ), where C is a constant. (a) Verify that C is dimensionless. The following data are for water flowing through a 2-mm-diameter tube which is 1 meter long. The pressure drop is held constant at Ap = 5 kPa. T, °C 10.0 40.0 70.0 Q, L/min 0.091 0.179 0.292 (b) Using proper SI units, determine an average value of C by accounting for the variation with temperature of the viscosity of water.
- A well with 4 in. radius produces oil with a viscosity of0.3 cP, at a rate of 200 barrels/day, from a reservoir that is 15 ft.thick. The pressure in the wellbore as a function of time is: t (mins) 1 5 10 20 30 60 Pw(psi) 4740 4667 4633 4596 4573 4535 Use the "semi-log straight line" method to estimate the permeability, KProblems H.pdf > Problems H.W: Lecture No.6 Part 2 Q1-(2.4-4, Holland): A fluid of density (p) and dynamic viscosity (u) flows in s.s in a cylindrical pipe of inside diameter (d) with mean linear velocity (u). Derive an expression for the pressure gradient AP/L in terms of p, u, d & u. By dimensional analysis (Note Lect. No.3). Q2-An oil with a viscosity of u= 0.40 N-s/m and density p= 900 kg/m flows in a pipe of diameter d= 0.20m. (a) What pressure drop, pl-p2, is needed to produce a flowrate of Q=2.0x10-5 m/s if the pipe is horizontal with xl=0 and x2=10 m? (b) How steep a hill, part (a), but with pl=p2? (c) For the conditions of part (b), if pl=200 kPa, what is the pressure at section, x3=5 m, where x is measured along the pipe? „must the pipe be on if the oil is to flow through the pipe at the same rate as in IITaylor number (Ta) is used here to describe the ratio between the inertia effect and the viscous effect. By applying Buckingham Pi's Theorem, determine an equation for Ta as a function of the radius of inner cylinder (r), cylinder tangential velocity (v), fluid dynamic viscosity (u), gap distance (L) and fluid density (p). Q4
- Under laminar conditions, the volume flow Q through asmall triangular-section pore of side length b and length Lis a function of viscosity μ , pressure drop per unit length∆p / L , and b . Using the pi theorem, rewrite this relation indimensionless form. How does the volume flow change ifthe pore size b is doubled?The company has opted to purchase a new viscometer for you, as such, you are required by topropose two options for new viscometers. Select two viscometers and explain their operation andconstraints. (P3)b. (P4) Given that you achieved the following results with a U-Tube viscometer:Temperature/ C Time / s40 5760 4180 29100 16Calculate the viscosity at each temperature if the calibration constant is 0.511.d. (M2) Illustrate the results on a graph of temperature vs viscosity and give a briefing on what yourresults indicate, identifying the response of the oil to temperature and explaining anydiscrepancies that may have occurred during the testing.e. (D2) From your testing you discovered that you had a Newtonian and Non-Newtonian sample.Explain to your team what the two terms mean with respect to temperature and shear force onboth samples, giving at least one example of each type of fluid.Mott ." cometer, which we can analyze later in Chap. 7. A small ball of diameter D and density p, falls through a tube of test liquid (p. µ). The fall velocity V is calculated by the time to fall a measured distance. The formula for calculating the viscosity of the fluid is discusses a simple falling-ball vis- (Po – p)gD² 18 V This result is limited by the requirement that the Reynolds number (pVD/u) be less than 1.0. Suppose a steel ball (SG = 7.87) of diameter 2.2 mm falls in SAE 25W oil (SG = 0.88) at 20°C. The measured fall velocity is 8.4 cm/s. (a) What is the viscosity of the oil, in kg/m-s? (b) Is the Reynolds num- ber small enough for a valid estimate?
- Velocity distribution of a fluid in a sliding plate viscometer is used to measure the viscosity of the fluid. The top plate is moving with force (F) with a constant velocity (V) as shown in the Figure below. Force (Ft)= 5 N, Velocity (V) = 10 m/s, Temperature = 100°F. Top plate (Area » Length = 0.1 m and width = 0.05 m spaced by 0.001 m) is moving and the bottom plate is stationary. Determine: The viscosity of the fluid. Which fluid is this? Is this fluid more, or less viscous than water? ● IN FLOW N-LOil (dynamic viscosity) between a block of mass M (5 kg) and the substrate(μ = 1.6 Pa.s), oil film thickness (h = 0.7 mm)). Block base surfaceIts area is given as A = 28 cm2. Block m (1kg weight) with a wire ropeIt depends on the mass. At time t = 0, mass m is released. According to these data;a) Find the viscous forces when the block moves with V = 1 m / s velocity.b) Derive an equation for the block velocity as a function of time (t).c) Plot the velocity-time variation for t = 0 and t = t.The pressure drop (Ap) test is carried out using a pipe configuration as illustrated below: Manometer 1 Manometer 2 straight pipe D= 2R R= radius in pipe The pipe data and the flowing fluid are as follows: Pipe: D = 1 cm; L= 100 cm. Fluid: Water, with density (A) = 1000 kg/m"; absolute viscosity (u) = 0.001 kg/im.s); Experimental data is shown as shown in the following table: Task: Ja. Plot the graph of the pressure as a function of the average velocity (V.v). b. Based on the equation for laminar flow in the pipe as follows: Ap = 32VuL, Vavg (m/s) Ap (Pa) 0,001 0,002 0,005 0,01 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,1 0,12 0,15 0,30 0,62 1,61 3,10 6,10 12,10 20,10 26,00 32,50 38,90 47,20 D Compare the experimental results in the table with the results of calculations using the above equation. Leave a comment. Note: Ap = p1-p2. c. The coefficient of friction (f) in the pipe is formulated as follows: f- 2DAD PL(V.) plot (plot) this distribution of fas a function of the Reynolds number (Re). Re is…