Protein purification table: A 50 ml crude skeletal muscle extract contains 32mg of protein per ml. Ten ul of the extract catalyzes a reaction at a rate of 0.14 µmol product per minute. The extract was fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, and the fraction precipitating between 20% and 40% saturation was dissolved in 10ml. The solution contains 50mg/ml protein. Ten ul of this purified fraction catalyzes the reaction at a rate of 0.65 µmol/min (a) What is the degree of purification (fold purification)? (b) What is the percent yield of the enzyme recovered in the purification?

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.