Protein N, normally inactivates a tumor suppressor protein. Consider a cell with a mutation in one allele such that protein N is nonfunctional, while the other allele of gene N is wild-type. Which of the following is true for this cell?
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- Protein P, normally stimulates apoptosis or cell death when activated. Consider a cell with a mutation in one allele such that protein P is always expressed and active, while the other allele of gene P is deleted. Which of the following is true for this cell? Gene P is a proto-oncogene, and the phenotype of the cell is transformed. Gene P is a proto-oncogene, and the phenotype of the cell is not transformed. Gene P is a tumor suppressor gene, and the phenotype of the cell is not transformed Gene P is a tumor suppressor gene, and the phenotype of the cell is transformed 로Cancer is caused by many different types of gene mutations. Some mutations are in proto-oncogenes, which lead to overexpression of the genes, and other mutations are in tumor suppressor genes, which lead to under expression or no expression in these genes. Which kinds of gene mutations would RNA interference (RNAi) be better at treating? Explain.Explain why mutations in tumor suppressor genes are recessive (both copies of the gene must be defective for the regulation of cell division to be defective), whereas mutations in oncogenes are dominant.
- In your own words: Describe the molecular mechanisms involved in P53’s role as a tumor repressor protein.The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene while p634 gene is an oncogene. Mutation in either one can result in the transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell. Explain the difference between the functions of the two proteins and how their mutation can lead to cancer development.Why is it harder to develop a drug that targets a tumor suppressor gene compared to an oncogene (limit 3-4 sentences)?
- The best strategy for treating a specific type of human tumor can depend on identifying the type of cell that became cancerous to give rise to the tumor. For some tumors that have colonized a distant location (metastasized), identifying the parental cell type can be difficult. Because the type of IF protein expressed is cell-type-specific, using monoclonal antibodies that react with only one type of IF protein can help in this identification. What IF proteins would you produce monoclonal antibodies against to identify (a) a sarcoma of muscle cell origin, (b) an epithelial cell carcinoma, and (c) an astrocytoma (glial cell tumor)?"In the cellular regulatory pathways that control cell growth and proliferation, the products of oncogenes are stimulatory components and the products of tumor suppressor genes are inhibitory components" is true or false.Isothiocyanates arè compounds found in vegetables such as broccoli. Such compounds have been shown to induce the expression of proteins called caspases in cervical cancer cells. Outside of Cell Toxins DNA Damage p53 Apoptosis Inside of Cell Based on the above diagram, would you expect ingestion of broccoli to promote, suppress or have no effect on the progression or survival of cervical cancer cells? Promote progression of cervical cancer cells Suppress progression of cervical cancer cells O Have no effect on progression of cervical cancer cells
- Tumor suppressor proteins can assist in slowing down the cell cycle under appropriate conditions. In humans, the TP53 gene encodes a tumor suppressor called p53. Most mutations in the TP53 gene result in a mutant form of p53 that can no longer function to slow down the cell cycle, which can lead to a cell becoming cancerous. However, some mutant forms of p53 actually possess the ability to increase a cell's resistance to anticancer treatments. Which of the following BEST describes the latter type of mutation? loss-of-function mutation gain-of-function mutation suppressor mutation reverse mutationDescribe the steps by which the TP53 gene responds to DNA damage and/or cellular stress to promote cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Given that TP53 is a recessive gene and is not located on the X chromosome, why would people who inherit just one mutant copy of a recessive tumor-suppressor gene be at higher risk of developing cancer than those without the recessive gene?Which one of the following events is unlikely to beassociated with cancer?a. mutation of a cellular proto-oncogene in a normaldiploid cellb. a chromosomal translocation with a breakpointnear a cellular proto-oncogenec. deletion of a cellular proto-oncogened. mitotic nondisjunction in a cell carrying a deletionof a tumor-suppressor genee. incorporation of a cellular oncogene into a retroviruschromosome