Answered: Oxygen reaches the veinless cornea of…

Oxygen reaches the veinless cornea of the eye bydiffusing through its tear layer, which is 0.500-mm thick. Howlong does it take the average oxygen molecule to do this?

College Physics

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168000

Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Publisher:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Chapter12: Fluid Dynamics And Its Biological And Medical Applications

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 64PE: Oxygen reaches the veinless cornea of the eye by diffusing through its tear layer, which is 0.500-mm...

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(a) Find the average time required for an oxygen moleculeto diffuse through a 0.200-mm-thick tear layer on the cornea.(b) How much time is required to diffuse 0.500 cm3 ofoxygen to the cornea if its surface area is 1.00 cm2 ?
Insects do not have lungs as we do, nor do they breathe through their mouths. Instead, they have a system of tiny tubes, called tracheae, through which oxygen diffuses into their bodies. The tracheae begin at the surface of the insect's body and penetrate into the interior. Suppose that a tracheae is 1.83 mm long with a cross-sectional area of 1.47 x 10-9m2. The concentration of oxygen in the air outside the insect is 0.651 kg/m3, and the diffusion constant is 1.79 x 10-5 m2/s. If the mass per second of oxygen is diffusing through a trachea is 1.77 x 10-12 kg/s, then find the oxygen concentration at the interior end of the tube.
45. Insects do not have lungs as we do, nor do they breathe through their mouths. Instead, they have a system of tiny tubes, called tra- cheae, through which oxygen diffuses into their bodies. The tracheae begin at the surface of an insect's body and penetrate into the interior. Suppose that a trachea is 1.9 mm long with a cross-sectional area of 2.1 × 10-º m². The concentration of oxygen in the air outside the insect is 0.28 kg/m², and the diffusion constant is 1.1 × 10-5 m²/s. If the mass per second of oxygen diffusing through a trachea is 1.7 X 10-12 kg/s, find the oxygen concentra- tion at the interior end of the tube.
Scuba divers are warned that if they must make a rapid ascent, they should exhale on the way up. If a diver rapidly ascends to the surface with lungs full of air, his lungs could be damaged. Explain why this is so.
During inspiration, the volume of the lungs is actively increased by the action of the diaphragm. As the volume of the lungs increases, the pressure within the lungs falls about 1 mmHg below atmospheric pressure. Air rushes into the lungs due to this pressure difference. Bronchi, Bronchial Tree, and Lungs Larynx - Primary bronchi Secondary bronchi Tertiary bronchi. Bronchioles Cardiac notch Pulmonary artery Trachea Pulmonary vein Alveolar duct Alveoli This image is part of the Public Domain: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Illu_bronchi_lungs.jpg Fig. 1: The bronchi, bronchial trees, and the lungs. (a) The diameter of the trachea (windpipe) is about 17 mm. What net force does the air experience during inhalation? F net = N (b) The flow rate of air entering the lungs is about 1.1 through the windpipe? V windpipe = ст S What is the velocity of air moving S
(a) Find the average time required for an oxygen molecule to diffuse through a 0.200-mm-thick tear layer on the cornea. (b) How much time is required to diffuse 0.500 cm3 of oxygen to the cornea if its surface area is 1.00 cm2?
During inspiration, the volume of the lungs is actively increased by the action of the diaphragm. As the volume of the lungs increases, the pressure within the lungs falls about 1 mmHg below atmospheric pressure. Air rushes into the lungs due to this pressure difference. Bronchi, Bronchial Tree, and Lungs Larynx Primary bronchi Secondary bronchi Tertiary bronchi Bronchioles Cardiac notch Pulmonary artery Trachea Pulmonary vein Alveolar duct Alveoli This image is part of the Public Domain: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Illu_bronchi lungs.jpg Fig. 1: The bronchi, bronchial trees, and the lungs. (a) The diameter of the trachea (windpipe) is about 17 mm. What net force does the air experience during inhalation? F = 0.03026 N net L (b) The flow rate of air entering the lungs is about 1.1 . What is the velocity of air moving S through the windpipe? ст windpipe 398.31 S
The heart of a resting adult pumps blood at a rate of 5.00 L/min. (a) Convert this to cm3/s. (b) What is this rate m3/s?
Take the density of blood to be ρ and the distance between the feet and the heart to be hH. Ignore the flow of blood. (a) Show that the difference in blood pressure between the feet and the heart is given by PF - PH = ρghH. (b) Take the density of blood to be 1.05 x 103 kg/m3 and the distance between the heart and the feet to be 1.20 m. Find the difference in blood pressure between these two points. This problem indicates that pumping blood from the extremities is very difficult for the heart. The veins in the legs have valves in them that open when blood is pumped toward the heart and close when blood flows away from the heart. Also, pumping action produced by physical activities such as walking and breathing assists the heart.
The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs is about 150 mm of Hg. (The partial pressure is the pressure of the oxygen alone, if all other gases were removed.) This corresponds to a concentration of 5.3 × 1024 molecules per m3. In the oxygen-depleted blood entering the pulmonary capillaries, the concentration is 1.4 × 1024 molecules per m3. The blood is separated from air in the alveoli of the lungs by a 1-μm-thick membrane. What is the rate of transfer of oxygen to the blood through the 5 × 10-9 m2 surface area of one alveolus? Give your answer in both molecules/s and μmol/s. Assume The diffusion coefficient for oxygen in tissue is 2 × 10-11 m2/s. What is the same rate of transfer in μmol/s. Give your answer to 1 significant figure.
A woman jogging has a metabolic rate of 625 W. (a) Calculate her volume rate of oxygen consumption in L/s. (b) Estimate her required respiratory rate in breaths/min if her lungs inhale 0.600 L of air in each breath and air is 20.9% oxygen.
In order to draw air into your lungs, your diaphragm and other muscles contract, increasing the lung volume. This lowers the air pressure of the lungs to below atmospheric pressure, and air flows in. When your diaphragm and other muscles relax, the volume of the lungs decreases, and air is forced out. (a) If the total volume of your lungs at rest is 5.31 L and the initial pressure is 749 mmHg, what is the new pressure if the lung volume is increased to 5.45 L? mmHg(b) If the total volume of your lungs at rest is 5.31 L and the initial pressure is 749 mmHg, at what volume will the pressure be 769 mmHg? L