One of the key biological characteristics of SARS-COV-2, as well as several other viruses, is thepresence of spike proteins that allow these viruses to penetrate host cells and cause infection. Withyour knowledge about proteins, which best explain how denaturating agents such as alcohol, anddetergents become effective in battling against SARS-CoV 2?O Denaturating agents were able to destroy the spike protein by detaching it to the virus, losing its ability toinfect host.Denaturating agents were able to kill the viruses such as SARS-COV-2, therefore, they will no longer able toinfect the hostDenaturating agents were able to hydrolyze the spike protein to produce free amino acids, therefore, thefunction of the protein is now lost.Denaturating agents were able to disrupt the native structure of the spike protein, losing its ability to infecthost.

SARS-CoV-2 uses several members of Protein as active antigens. One of the most important is the…

Answered: One of the key biological…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a carbohydrate-modified protein that ["bind the RNA genome of the virus", "", "is on the surface of the viral particle", ""] and plays a role in both ["replication of the viral genome", "recognition of host cell"] and ["packaging of viral genome for export", "fusion of viral envelope with host cell plasma membrane"] . Importantly, earlier work on spike proteins from other corona viruses showed that this molecule ["remarkable resistance to immune response", "shows remarkable conformational changes"] and only one of these served as a good antigen for vaccine development. A critical discovery in advancing the development of our current vaccines was determining what changes in the amino acid sequence would ["block degradation of the spike protein", "stabilize the conformation of the protein found on the viral particle"]. This…
Before development of a vaccine against this microbe, thedisease it caused accounted for two-thirds of bacterial meningi-tis cases during the first year of life but is still the number oneleading cause of mental retardation in patients who survive seri-ous disease due to permanent central nervous system disorders.What is the microorganism?(a) Haemophilus influenzae type B(b) Haemophilus influenzae type A(c) Neisseria meningitidis(d) Streptococcus pneumoniae(e) Listeria monocytogenes
2.4 SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person sneezes, coughs, or talks. How might this relate to the size and/or structure of viruses?
“The SARS Coronavirus Type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is known to cause respiratory tract infections and has been isolated from several bodily fluids. Although there is still no concrete evidence of an animal reservoir, the World Health Organization has prematurely classified the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, as a zoonotic disease”.2.1 In your own view, discuss the possible route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an animalsource to humans
In electron micrographs of HSV infection, it can be seen that the intact virus initially reacts with cell-surface proteoglycans, then with specific receptors. This is later followed by viral capsids docking with nuclear pores. Afterward, the capsids go from being full to being "empty." Which of the following statements best fits these observations? The viral envelope is not required for infectivity, since the envelope does not enter the nucleus. The viral envelope mediates entry into the cell, the capsid mediates entry into the nuclear membrane, and the genome is all that enters the nucleus. Only the genetic material of the virus is involved in the cell's infectivity, and is injected into the host cell like the genome of a phage. Viral capsids are needed for the cell to become infected; since the full capsids enter the nucleus.
a) How virus vaccine, under immune system processes (via dendritic cells, T-Cells and B-Cells), can help people against real virus infection. b) Structure of SARS-CoV-2 and their entry process on host cells. Then, if you choose onetype of virus protein (spikes, nucleocapsid, membrane or envelope) should be used for vaccine,which is the best candidate? Why?
Moderna and Pfizer vaccines for COVID-19 use mRNA to the Spike protein combined with lipids. Which of the following is/are advantages of this type of vaccine compared to an inactivated virus vaccine? Select ALL correct answers. a) The vaccine is more stable for transport. b) The vaccine does not contain the virus so it cannot give you COVID-19. c) The vaccine can be rapidly produced in a slightly different form to protect from variants of SARS-CoV-2. d) The vaccine does not need a booster.
Which of the following highly contagious viruses is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a helical capsid and envelope and is transmitted by coming in contact with respiratory secretions? "This is a highly contagious respiratory illness transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes virus particles into the air," the health department said in a written statement. "It's so contagious that if one person is sick and spreading measles, nine out of 10 people around them who aren't immune will get it, too." Group of answer choices a. Measles b. Parvovirus c. Coxsackie virus A d. Rhinovirus
Answer the following and inlcude the references SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes CoVid-19, belongs to the Coronaviridae family. Viruses under this family have a genome made of single-stranded positive-sense RNA. Is this similar to the viral genome of HIV? If so, do you think that – in theory – they would have similar replication cycles? Do you think that ART combinations/options might help in suppressing the viral replication of SARS-CoV-2? Expound.
What is the mode of replication of the virus? (this can be presented as a diagram with narrative description) What are its differences from HIV?
Describe an experiment in which you demonstrate that the pUL44 protein of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) localizes with phospho-H2AX (yH2AX). What reagent can be used to denote the cellular location of H2AX? Be sure to carefully describe your controls, as well as the expected results. What other technique can be used to validate the findings in this experiment? Explain.
Rhinovirus, the most common cause of colds, do not have a lipid envelope. Compared to enveloped viruses these and other nonenveloped viruses tend to remain infectious outside the body longer, are more likely to be spread by contact with surfaces, and are likely to be rendered harmless by exposure to hand sanitizer or hand washing. Explain how the lack of an envelope could contribute to these characteristics.

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