One model which Nelson and Plosser (1982) tested empirically is the random walk model. An implication of this model is that O a. output fluctuates around a constant level due to temporary shocks. O b. current shocks to output have affect output in the future, but only for a limited time span. current shocks to output affect output in the future permanently. shocks to output must be demand shocks. O c. O d.
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- Question Completion Status: ↳ A Moving to another question will save this response. Question 29 If the government decided to go to war on Russia, how would that impact the aggregate model? O a. This would not impact the aggregate model at all. O b. This would increase the price level which would shift the aggregate demand curve downwards. O c. It might shift the aggregate demand curve upward or to the right, and maybe shift the LRAS to the left. O d. It would shift the LRAS to the right. A Moving to another question will save this response. 1 2 # 3 4Specific subject - Macroeconomic Analyse the case of a negative supply shock caused by an increase in oil prices and compare with the shock caused by the Covid pandemic. What would be the similarities and differences between the two shocks? What would be the effect of an expansionary economic policy (increase in aggregate demand)? Graph What measures or government intervention would be most appropriate to deal with both types of shocks? Graph Compare the adjustment in both cases with and without government intervention. GraphChe Assume that an economy starts from long-run equilibrium, and then there is an increase a sharp increase in oil prices, ceteris paribus. Where on the following graph would the economy be after this initial shock but before any self- adjustment? #1 Multiple Choice O O O LRAS SRAS1 SRAS (Y) (YP:13) (Yo: #2) AD ADO
- QUESTION 8 In the model: Y=v - B(r,-r)- we, + e T,- m + a(v, -v;)– yAe, + e" !! What is the expected short-run effect of a positive demand shock (6, > 0) on output? O positive O negative O neutral O ambiguousPrice level AD AD Real GDP FIGURE 23-4 Refer to Figure 23-4. Suppose the Canadian economy is initially in equilibrium at point A. An unexpected shock then shifts both the AD and the AS curves as shown and results in a new equilibrium represented by point B. Which of the following events could cause such a shock? Select one: O A. a decrease in the world price of oil O B. an increase in the net tax rate O C. an increase in factor prices O D. a decrease in firms' desired investment experiditures a decrease in labour productivitySuppose the economy of the hypothetical country “X” is currently in equilibrium at point A on thegraph. There were two major shocks to the economy in 2020.First shock was related to oil prices; the other was related to consumer confidence about futurebusiness conditions. Oil Shock: The economy X faced a rise in the average price of oil along with the rise of world price ofoil.E) Would an increase in oil prices cause a demand shock or a supply shock? Redraw the diagram toillustrate the effect of this shock by shifting the appropriate curve. What happens to theAggregate output and price level after the shock? (3)F) If policymakers wish to prevent the equilibrium output from changing in response to the oilprice increase, should they use contractionary or expansionary fiscal policy? (Redraw the graphfrom part E and show the change) (4)G) Even if the economy moves back to original Aggregate output, will there be any drawback? (1)Consumer Confidence Index: The Consumer Confidence Index…
- Explain how each ofthe following shocks can impact the demand orsupply of oil:A. A worldwide economic recession.B. Improved oildrilling technology.C. War in a majoroil producing country.D. Greaterenvironmentalawareness about climate change.This is a symptom of a recession: O Real salary increases O Promotions occur and bonuses increase Promotions and bonuses are postponed Increased demand for capital goodsSuppose firms become optimistic about futurebusiness conditions and invest heavily in new capitalequipment.a. Draw an aggregate-demand/aggregate-supplydiagram to show the short-run effect of thisoptimism on the economy. Label the new levels ofprices and real output. Explain in words why theaggregate quantity of output supplied changes.b. Now use the diagram from part (a) to show thenew long-run equilibrium of the economy. (Fornow, assume there is no change in the long-runaggregate-supply curve.) Explain in words whythe aggregate quantity of output demanded changesbetween the short run and the long run.c. How might the investment boom affect thelong-run aggregate-supply curve? Explain.
- Identify which curve on the previous graph corresponds to each of the following descriptions. If the curve described is not shown on the graph, choose Not Shown. In the descriptions, AD represents aggregate demand; SRAS represents short-run aggregate supply; LRAS represents long-run aggregate supply. Description SRAS if the expected price level is 50 SRAS if the expected price level is 70 SRAS if the expected price level is 60 LRAS AD a O O O b O O O O O с O O O O O d O с O O Not Shown O O O O Suppose the economy is currently in short-run equilibrium at point L. In this case, the economy is producing at an output level potential output. At current prices and wage levels, real wages are what firms and workers expected when they agreed on wage curve to shift to the contracts. In the long run, if the price level and the nominal wage are both flexible, wages will, which will cause the . Assuming the other two curves do not change, the economy will reach a new equilibrium at an output of…Shipping costs have increased dramatically in the past few months. This is a and tends to O negative supply shock, increase prices O positive supply shock, increase prices O negative demand shock, increase prices O positive supply shock, decrease pricesConsider a modified aggregate supply function which takes account for the emergence of random business cycle shocks (ce) with Ele] - O in the sense that Ye - R - R ++ 6 The loss function is the same as in exercise 1: L-(n - k)* +(m)? Notation: €: random shock; E[e,]: expected value of e; b: constant parameter, all other variables see Exercise 1. Having considered the scenario above complete the following tasks: a) Derive the central bank's preferred inflation rate and explain.