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- A messaging system reads message as 4-digit positive integer d1d2d3d4 and stores encoding of the message e1e2e3e4 for security reason. The encoding process is as follows: ei = (di+i) mod 3 For example, if message is 4590, the encoded message is 2101. Read any arbitrary message and display the encoded message in the following format: Original message = Encoded message = language : CAn old encryption system uses 24-bit keys. A cryptanalyst, who wants to brute-force attack the encryption system, is working on a computer system with a performance rate N keys per second. How many possible keys will be available in the above encryption system? What will be the maximum number of keys per second (N), that the computer system is working with, if the amount of time needed to brute-force all the possible keys was 8192 milli seconds?An old encryption system uses 20-bit keys. A cryptanalyst, who wants to brute-force attack theencryption system, is working on a computer system with a performance rate N keys per second. How many possible keys will be available in the above encryption system? What will be the maximum number of keys per second (N) that the computer system isworking with, if the amount of time needed to brute-force all the possible keys was 512 milliseconds? Show you detailed calculations.
- A binary symmetric channel has a chance p = 0.002 of incorrectly transmitting a single bit. Let w 10100011 be a word which is transmitted over the channel. Let T(w) denote the received word. (a) What is the probability that T(w) = 10100011 ? (b) What is the probability that T(w) = 10101011? (c) What is the probability that T(w) = w+e for some error string with wt(e)IH A cryptography student has accidentally used the same keystream to encrypt two different messages, M1 and M2. We know that the ciphertexts are C¡ = 0x2e38ac20ƒe51b68c and C2 = 0x638cd0bla9114b4d. We also happen to know that M1 = 0x2b1d510e6a67ae98. a) What is M2 in hexadecimal? Please give your answer a leading Ox and use lowercase letters only. b) What is the keystream? Please give your answer a leading Ox and use lowercase letters only.An old encryption system uses 20-bit keys. A cryptanalyst, who wants to brute-force attack the encryption system, is working on a computer system with a performance rate N keys per second. a- How many possible keys will be available in the above encryption system? b- What will be the maximum number of keys per second (N) that the computer system is working with, if the amount of time needed to brute-force all the possible keys was 512 milli seconds? Show you detailed calculations.
- Suppose the parameters for an instance of the RSA cryptosystem are N = 26671, e = 3, and d 17563. = Decrypt the message y Decrypt the message y = 6666. = 1576.A certain university is considering the purchase of N95 masks to distribute to their students for protection against the next variant of the covid virus. They found a reliable distributor who offers N95 masks with a quantity discount. The pricing is shown below. Number of N95 masks Price per mask From To 500 $1.23 501 2000 $0.98 2001 5000 $0.62 5001 or more $0.53 For example, if the university purchases 700 masks the price is 500 × $1.23 = $615.00 for the first 500 masks plus (700 – 500) × $0.98 = $196.00 for the next 200 masks for a total of $615.00 + $196.00 = $811.00. Write a MATLAB program that first prompts the user to input the number of masks. Use the following prompt: Please enter the number of N95 masks: Then, based on the number entered and the above table, calculate the purchase price. Output to the command window the number of masks and the purchase price as follows: Your price for xXXx N95 masks is $xxx.xx where xxxx is the number of masks and $xxx.xx is the price. If the…Consider a binary code to distinguish the elements of a set {a, b, c, d}, with P(a) = 0.7, P(b)=0.15, P(c)=0.1 and P(d)=0.05. On average, how many bits will be used by a sequence of 20 elements confirming to the probability distribution given above. i.e. aaaaaaaaaaaaabbbccd Group of answer choices a. 18 b. 26 c. 2 d. 40
- Alice wants Bob (the Bank) to sign a cheque, c. She has Bob's public key e and modulus N, and chooses a random number r such that gcd(r,N) = 1. She computes re (mod N) and then multiplies the cheque, c, by this number (mod N) and sends the resulting message off to Bob to be signed. When she receives his reply, m, what should she do with it to produce the signed cheque? Select one: a. Divide the reply, m, by rd. b. Divide the reply, m, by r. c. Divide the reply, m, by re. d. Nothing - the reply is the signed chequeA code must have certain properties in order that any errors can be corrected. Let CC Z be the code C = {23410, 34102, 44113, 21110, 01103}. Which of these scenarios shows that C is not 1-error correcting? O If 44113 is sent and an error changes the second digit 4 to 1, the receiver cannot know what error has occurred. O If the receiver gets the word 00000, they cannot know what message was sent. O If 23410 is sent and an error change the 3rd digit to 1, the receiver cannot know what error has occurred. O If 23410 is sent and an error moves the first digit 2 to the last place, making 34102, the receiver cannot know that any error has occurredAlice wants Bob (the Bank) to sign a cheque, c. She has Bob's public key e and modulus N, and chooses a random number r such that gcd(r,N) = 1. She computes re (mod N) and then multiplies the cheque, c, by this number (mod N) and sends the resulting message off to Bob to be signed. When she receives his reply, m, what should she do with it to produce the signed cheque? Select one: a. Divide the reply, m, by rd. b. Divide the reply, m, by r. c. Divide the reply, m, by re. No - that won't do it. d. Nothing - the reply is the signed cheque