Neurotransmitters:a. Can only inhibit the postsynaptic cellb. Can be part of a process that regulates transcription and translation in the postsynaptic cellс.Are bound to their receptors forever, until the receptor is degraded and recycled.d. Can exit the presynaptic cell without assistance.e. Can only excite the postsynaptic cellClathrin:Is embedded in the cell membrane of the synaptic terminal.a.b. Degrades vesicles for recycling and return to the axon hillockс.Mediates ALL endocytosis in the body, including the formation of vesicles in the synapse.d. Forms a coat of octagonal proteins.e. Helps the vesicle leave the pre-synaptic cell, and fuse to the membrane of the post-synapticcell What role does synaptotagmin play in neurotransmission?a. Detects the voltage change of the action potential to open voltage gated calcium ionchannels, and induce transmissionb. Works as part of the SNARE complex to grab the membranes of the vesicle and synapticterminal, and fuse them, to allow neurotransmission to occurc. Synaptotagmin is a neurotransmitter that regulates activity in the postsynaptic celld. Synaptotagmin directs how much neurotransmitter should be released by each vesicle.Detects calcium, and communicates with the SNARE complex to induce the fusion of thevesicle and synaptic membranes to allow neurotransmission to occur.е.SLOW neurotransmission involves:a. The transmission of recycled neurotransmitters.b. KinesinsC.The release of large dense core vesiclesd. The release of small clear core vesicles

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the body. They transmit signals from neurona to the…

Answered: Neurotransmitters: a. Can only inhibit…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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At a chemical synapse, an action potential triggers an influx of Ca²+ which .. Select one: O A. triggers the exocytosis of neurotransmitters. O B. interfere directly with IPSPS in the postsynaptic cell. O C. depolarize the synaptic terminal of the presynaptic neuron, causing an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in it. D. bind to neurotransmitter receptors on the postsynaptic cell, causing an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). O E. cause the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the postsynaptic membrane, releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic terminals.
Which of the following rows correctly completes the following statement about synaptic transmission? The neurotransmitters contained in vesicles enter the synaptic cleft via __A______ to attach to receptor proteins in the postsynaptic membrane. Once the postsynaptic neuron has been stimulated, the neurotransmitters return via ____B_____. a. A B Exocytosis Binding b. A B Binding Exocytosis c. A B Endocytosis Enzymatic breakdown d. A B Exocytosis Endocytosis
All of the following statements correctly describe a polarized membrane EXCEPT which? a. There is a separation of the charge by a membrane, resulting in its ability to do work. b. An RMP of –60 mV indicates that there are more positive ions inside the axon than an RMP of –70 mV. c. A resting membrane potential (RMP) of –90 mV indicates the there are more positive ions inside the axon than an RMP of –70 mV. d. There is a difference in the charges found on the inside of the membrane to the outside.
For a signal to be sent down an axon of a nerve cell, an action potential must be generated. This is done by.. Select one: a. G-protein coupled receptors bind ligand, a phosphorylation cascade occurs, this causes a change in charge of the membrane due to the addition of phosphates allowing Na+ channels to open. b. Ligand-gated K+ channels open, allowing K+ to rush out of the cell and depolarize that part of the membrane. This change in charge opens neighboring voltage-gated channels. c. Ligand-gated Na+ channels open, allowing Na+ to rush in. This then depolarizes that region of the membrane resulting in opening neighboring voltage-gated channels. d. Receptor tyrosine kinases have two Na+ molecules bind, this opens voltage-gated channels allowing the “signal” to pass down the axon.
Glutamate's effect when it binds with protein receptors on the post synaptic membrane is to: a. Initiate movement of potassium ions out of the membrane b. Initiate movement of sodium ions into the membrane c. Initiate movement of sodium ions out of the membrane d. Initiate movement of potassium ions into the membrane GABA is an example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Drugs that increase the level of GABA are used to treat diseases such as epilepsy where the signal transmission needs to be impaired. The effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane is to: a. hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane b. decrease the threshold level c. depolarize the postsynaptic membrane d. maintain the resting potential Calcium is vital for bone growth, but it's also an important part of neural transmission. Calcium is required for the axon terminal to: a. Reuptake the neurotransmitter via exocytosis b. The neurotransmitter to be released by endocytosis c. The neurotransmitter…
Action potentials are normally initiated at the axon hillock because a. there is a particularly high density of voltage-gated sodium channels there. b. threshold potential is lower there than at other sites along the plasma membrane. c. activation of sodium channels at the axon hillock results in a particularly strong inward current and consequent depolarization. d. all of these. e. none of these.
Which of the following statements regarding polarized membranes is incorrect? a. There is a separation of the charge by a membrane, resulting in its ability to do work. b. An RMP of –60 mV indicates that there are more positive ions inside the axon than an RMP of –70 mV. c. A resting membrane potential (RMP) of –90 mV indicates the there are more positive ions inside the axon than an RMP of –70 mV. d. There is a difference in the charges found on the inside of the membrane to the outside.
What are all the possible ways that a neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft? Select all that apply. A. Taken up by postsynaptic transporters B. Taken up by presynaptic transporters C. Broken down by enzymes in the cleft D. Broken down by enzymes in the presynaptic side E. Broken down by postsynaptic enzymes
The exocytosis of the synaptic vesicles depends on: Select one: a. The opening of Na+ channels in the postsynaptic neurons b. The increase of Ca2+ level inside the synaptic bulb c. The opening of Ca2+ voltage- gated channels in the postsynaptic neuron d. The inflow of Na+ inside the synaptic bulb
Local anesthetics "block" the action potential and therefore do not allow "pain" information to proceed to the brain and spinal cord. In the presence of these molecules (local anesthetics) 'threshold' is essentially "ignored". The molecules most logically work by: 23. a. Decreasing the intracellular [potassium] b. Blocking the opening of the voltage-gated potassium channels c. Decreasing the extracellular [sodium] d. Blocking the opening of the voltage-gated sodium channels
Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe the repolarization of a neuron? a. The potassium channels are slower to open, allowing the potassium ions to leave after depolarization. b. The potassium ions leave the cell, thereby returning the neuron to its resting potential. c. The neuron becomes more polarized and more negatively charged than its original resting membrane potential. d. The sodium and potassium channels open, allowing the positive ions to move out of the cell.
Which of the following is true about the conduction of action potentials? a. Thicker axons are faster because there is more surface area on thicker axons. b. Myelin speeds conduction because the glial cells add voltage gated Na+ channels to the neuron. c. Diffusion of Na+ ions between the Nodes of Ranvier happens faster than the wave of opening and closing membrane proteins can travel. d. Neurons that don’t have myelin sheaths undergo saltatory conduction e. Action potentials move slowly.

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