NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCENormal ventricular pressure values:Right ventricle: 25mmHg systolic; 4mmHg diastolicLeft ventricle: 120mmHg systolic, 10 mmHg diastoliciii. Would enough oxygenated blood enter the systemic circuit? Explain.iv. Use an arrow to indicate on the flowchart used in Question 5 above whereVSD would occur.v. Pavit presents with severe pulmonary hypertension; explain how VSD canlead to this.vi. Indicate on the heart diagram to the right where VSD would be present:d. Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV)i. What is DORV?ii. Which of the following options is the new route for blood?(a) right ventricle → pulmonary trunk and left ventricle(b) right ventricle→aorta and coronary artery(c) right ventricle → aorta and pulmonary trunk(d) right ventricle → right and left atriumiii. Would enough oxygenated blood enter the systemic circuit? Explain.iv. Use an arrow to indicate on the flowchart used in Question 5 above whereDORV would occur.v. Indicate on the heart diagram to the right where DORV would be present:10. Pavir's right side of the heart (right atrium and right ventricle) was dominant. Why?Based on further discussions with Paul and conducting some literature research, Singh understood that sufficient cardiacoutput is vital in maintaining normal body function due to sufficient tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Therefore, therespiratory system is intimately linked to the cardiovascular system. He noted that two factors that affect the respiratoryexchange of gases are the changes to blood flow and the surface area of alveoli. In addition, he learned that to meet thehigh metabolic oxygen needs of a newborn, the myocardium contractility is at its maximum. In addition, the myocar-dium is less compliant due to the disorderly organization of the higher amount of non-contractile proteins compared to"The Breathless Heart" by Broadbelt, Sawhney, & YoungPage 5NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCEcontractile proteins within the cardiac myocytes. As a result, stroke volume in neonates remains almost the same, de-creasing the likelihood of increasing cardiac output with an increase in preload. Below are some definitions Singh noted. NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCEThe Breathless HeartbyNalini V. Broadbelt', Amitoj S. Sawhney?, and Michelle A. Young''School of Arts and Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MAThoracic Disease Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNPart 1-2D Echocardiography and Color Doppler ReportSingh was an undergraduate at Smith College. In his junior year he had applied and landed an internship at BostonChildren's Hospital. He currently was working in a cardiovascular research laboratory. He had specifically been drawnto this area of biology because it had impacted the lives of his family. His baby brother Pavit had died at 26 days old in2003. Wishing to understand what happened to his brother, Singh asked his mother, Mena, about Pavit.Mena related the events of that terrible time to Singh. "We were so happy when Pavit was born. You were so excited.From the start I had difficulty feeding Pavit. He was so fussy, refusing to nurse, panting, and sweating; he looked sopale to me. The doctor dismissed this when he was born and again at the first three-day checkup saying it was normal,India is hot. I could not sleep; I took him back five days later to a different doctor, Dr. May. Pavit was taken immedi-ately from me. I remember sitting there for hours on those hard chairs. The new doctor performed an echocardiographand color doppler to image the heart and blood vessels to see how they were working. I asked if all was good with mybaby. I can recall the room becoming quiet, the welcoming smiles disappearing, heads shaking. I knew it was going tobe bad. They told me that Pavit had congenital heart defect (CHD). I remember not hearing the rest of the diagnosis.I looked at the charts again when you asked me about them. All these big terms, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), atrialseptal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and double outlet right ventricle (DORV)... I looked them up.The heart was malformed, and this somehow affected how Pavit's blood flowed. I know you will explain this betternow to me."Mena gave Singh the charts. He reviewed the first chart that showed the data from the echocardiograph and colordoppler results (see below).Chart 1. Physical examinationCongenital Heart Defect (CHD)• Right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV) are dominant⚫ Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with right to left shunt⚫ Atrial septal defect (ASD) with a left to right shunt• Ventricular septal defect (VSD) extending into muscular septum⚫ Double outlet right ventricle (DORV)• Aorta arises from the right ventricle and is to the right and side-by-side (anterior) with the pulmonary artery.• No evidence of aorta or pulmonary artery outflow obstruction.-No aorta or pulmonary valve stenosisSevere pulmonary hypertension

Question

NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCENormal ventricular pressure values:Right ventricle: 25mmHg systolic; 4mmHg diastolicLeft ventricle: 120mmHg systolic, 10 mmHg diastoliciii. Would enough oxygenated blood enter the systemic circuit? Explain.iv. Use an arrow to indicate on the flowchart used in Question 5 above whereVSD would occur.v. Pavit presents with severe pulmonary hypertension; explain how VSD canlead to this.vi. Indicate on the heart diagram to the right where VSD would be present:d. Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV)i. What is DORV?ii. Which of the following options is the new route for blood?(a) right ventricle → pulmonary trunk and left ventricle(b) right ventricle→aorta and coronary artery(c) right ventricle → aorta and pulmonary trunk(d) right ventricle → right and left atriumiii. Would enough oxygenated blood enter the systemic circuit? Explain.iv. Use an arrow to indicate on the flowchart used in Question 5 above whereDORV would occur.v. Indicate on the heart diagram to the right where DORV would be present:10. Pavir's right side of the heart (right atrium and right ventricle) was dominant. Why?Based on further discussions with Paul and conducting some literature research, Singh understood that sufficient cardiacoutput is vital in maintaining normal body function due to sufficient tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Therefore, therespiratory system is intimately linked to the cardiovascular system. He noted that two factors that affect the respiratoryexchange of gases are the changes to blood flow and the surface area of alveoli. In addition, he learned that to meet thehigh metabolic oxygen needs of a newborn, the myocardium contractility is at its maximum. In addition, the myocar-dium is less compliant due to the disorderly organization of the higher amount of non-contractile proteins compared to&#34;The Breathless Heart&#34; by Broadbelt, Sawhney, & YoungPage 5NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCEcontractile proteins within the cardiac myocytes. As a result, stroke volume in neonates remains almost the same, de-creasing the likelihood of increasing cardiac output with an increase in preload. Below are some definitions Singh noted. NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCEThe Breathless HeartbyNalini V. Broadbelt', Amitoj S. Sawhney?, and Michelle A. Young''School of Arts and Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MAThoracic Disease Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNPart 1-2D Echocardiography and Color Doppler ReportSingh was an undergraduate at Smith College. In his junior year he had applied and landed an internship at BostonChildren's Hospital. He currently was working in a cardiovascular research laboratory. He had specifically been drawnto this area of biology because it had impacted the lives of his family. His baby brother Pavit had died at 26 days old in2003. Wishing to understand what happened to his brother, Singh asked his mother, Mena, about Pavit.Mena related the events of that terrible time to Singh. &#34;We were so happy when Pavit was born. You were so excited.From the start I had difficulty feeding Pavit. He was so fussy, refusing to nurse, panting, and sweating; he looked sopale to me. The doctor dismissed this when he was born and again at the first three-day checkup saying it was normal,India is hot. I could not sleep; I took him back five days later to a different doctor, Dr. May. Pavit was taken immedi-ately from me. I remember sitting there for hours on those hard chairs. The new doctor performed an echocardiographand color doppler to image the heart and blood vessels to see how they were working. I asked if all was good with mybaby. I can recall the room becoming quiet, the welcoming smiles disappearing, heads shaking. I knew it was going tobe bad. They told me that Pavit had congenital heart defect (CHD). I remember not hearing the rest of the diagnosis.I looked at the charts again when you asked me about them. All these big terms, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), atrialseptal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and double outlet right ventricle (DORV)... I looked them up.The heart was malformed, and this somehow affected how Pavit's blood flowed. I know you will explain this betternow to me.&#34;Mena gave Singh the charts. He reviewed the first chart that showed the data from the echocardiograph and colordoppler results (see below).Chart 1. Physical examinationCongenital Heart Defect (CHD)• Right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV) are dominant⚫ Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with right to left shunt⚫ Atrial septal defect (ASD) with a left to right shunt• Ventricular septal defect (VSD) extending into muscular septum⚫ Double outlet right ventricle (DORV)• Aorta arises from the right ventricle and is to the right and side-by-side (anterior) with the pulmonary artery.• No evidence of aorta or pulmonary artery outflow obstruction.-No aorta or pulmonary valve stenosisSevere pulmonary hypertension

Accepted Answer

Cardiac system consists of heart which pumps adequate blood to the entire body and also arteries,…