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Mention several essential ions found in living beings.
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- Which of the following are properties of water that make itimportant for living cells?(a) It is a polar molecule that can form solutions.(b) It has high surface tension.(c) It has a high specific heat.(d) It can participate in dehydration and hydrolysisreactions.(e) All of the above.A solution at pH 7 is considered neutral because (a) its hydrogen ion concentration is 0 mol/L (b) its hydroxide ion concentration is 0 mol/L (c) the product of its hydrogen ion concentration and its hydroxide ion concentration is 0 mol/L (d) its hydrogen ion concentration is equal to its hydroxide ion concentration (e) it is nonpolarThe normal range of the sodium electrolyte in the body is 134 to 145 mEq/L. The term mEq is dependent on the charge of the ion. Since sodium is a +1 ion, 134 mEq/L is the same as 134 mmol/L. An ion that has a greater positive or negative charge; however, will have 1 mEq for each positive or negative charge of the ion for every 1 mmol. For example, for Ca+2, 2mEq/1mmol. If the standard range of Magnesium in the body is 0.70 to 0.95 mmol/L, convert this value into mEq/L for the Mg2+ ion. (Use dimensional analysis to figure this out)
- An important buffer system in the human body involves carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonic acid (H2CO3), and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) as shown: If a person becomes excited and exhales large amounts of CO2, how will his or her body’s pH be affected?You are stranded on a lifeboat with several other people in the middle of the ocean. You have run out of clean drinking water and are very thirsty. The others have started to drink the seawater to quench their thirst. Since you’re waiting for rescue (and are a top notch AP Biology student), you decide to solve a couple of water potential problems to determine if drinking sea water is a good idea or not. a) The majority of dissolved ions in seawater is NaCl, roughly a 0.5M concentration. The ionization constant of NaCl is 2.0. Calculate the solute potential for seawater if you know that the water is 2°C. b) Your own cells have a 0.15M concentration. Calculate the solute potential for your own cells, knowing that body temperature is 37°C. c) Using your knowledge about water potential, if you drink the seawater, wat will happen when the seawater comes into contact with your body’s cells? Note: ΨP for animal cells is zeroFor each of the following chemicals, name the general class they belong to, discuss their solubility in water and explain why they are/are not soluble in water: a) CH3(CH2)26COOH b) KCl c) CH3