(i)What class of drug is Ranitidine? (ii)If water contains dissolved Ca2+ ions, out of soaps and synthetic detergents, which will you use for cleaning clothes? (iii)Which of the following is an antiseptic? 0.2% phenol, 1% phenol
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A: a.
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(i)What class of drug is Ranitidine?
(ii)If water contains dissolved Ca2+ ions, out of soaps and synthetic detergents, which will you use for cleaning clothes?
(iii)Which of the following is an antiseptic?
0.2% phenol, 1% phenol
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- Alkaloids are basic nitrogen-containing compounds of plant origin, many of which are physiologically active when administered to humans. Ingestion of coniine, isolated from water hemlock, can cause weakness, labored respiration, paralysis, and eventually death. Coniine is the toxic substance in the “poison hemlock” used in the death of Socrates. In small doses, nicotine is an addictive stimulant. In larger doses, it causes depression, nausea, and vomiting. In still larger doses, it is a deadly poison. Solutions of nicotine in water are used as insecticides. Cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.Classify each amino group in these alkaloids according to type (primary, secondary, tertiary, aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic).2. Below is the structure of caffeine. Circle and label (a) an amide functional group, (b) a tertiary amine, and (c) the purine ring system. O CH3 N CH-N O N CH3 N H 3. Caffeine is an alkaloid and has base characteristics. Of the four nitrogens in the structure of the molecule, which one(s) would give it this property? sneltro bem 4. Besides caffeine, what else is extracted into the tea? Why can you use the basic salt, Na₂CO3, sodium carbonate, to remove this material? 5. What criterion is used for the purity of a sample of caffeine?The structure of Synthroid, used to treat hypothyroidism (low-functioning thyroid), is shown below. Highlight the phenol, the ether, the amine, and the carboxylic acid. Is the carboxylic acid in its neutral or ionic form? Is the amine in its neutral or ionic form? он OH Synthroid
- Explain the following terms giving one example of each type: (i) Tranquilizers (ii) Synthetic detergents (iii) Food preservatives¨ What other types of analgesics are on the market? How does their action compare with aspirin and why are these alternative drugs necessary? Discuss the differences among the following compounds by drawing their structures: Acetylsalicylic acid, Acetaminophen (Paracetamol), Ibuprofen, Paracetamol and Phenacetin.Explain why CH3 CH2 CH2NH2 is a Brønsted base. Its water solutions are basic. All substances containing nitrogen atoms are Brønsted bases. This amine is a proton donor. This amine can ассеpt a proton from a proton donor.
- Consult the label on a can of Drano gel (and the manufacturer's website). Which of the following is/are listed as active ingredients? Na2CO3 Na2SiO3 NaClO NaHCO3 HCl NaOHThe normal pH range for blood plasma is 7.35–7.45. Under these conditions, would you expect the carboxyl group of lactic acid (pKa 3.08) to exist primarily as a carboxyl group or as a carboxylic anion? Explain.Ester compounds often have a sweet, pleasant odor. Many characteristic fruit scents are largely due to the natural presence of one or more ester compounds. As such, artificial scents for foods are often composed of complex mixtures of various esters. The exact identity and ratio of ingredients that compose a particular scent are closely guarded secrets in the food and fragrance industry. Suppose that you are a chemist working for a company that i creating a new line of air fresheners. The company is considering three scents: apple, pear, and pineapple. The project manager has asked you to prepare the ester compounds that are largely responsible for these scents. The structural formulas for these ester compounds are shown here: Alcohols for Air Freshener Project Molar mass Density Cost, per (g/mL) Reagent (g/mol) 1.00 L methanol 32.04 0.79 $46.20 ethanol 46.07 0.79 $112.00 1-propanol 60.10 0.80 $72.70 1-butanol 74.12 0.81 $72.60 Use the structural formulas of the alcohols and…
- Many drugs are sold as their hydrochloride salts (R2NH2 + Cl−), formed by reaction of an amine (R2NH) with HCl . Question: Draw the product (a hydrochloride salt) formed by reaction ofacebutolol with HCl. Acebutolol is a β blocker used to treat high bloodpressure.It has been known for a very long time that lemon juice can mask the "fishy" smell of cooked fish. The "fishy" smell is often due to the presence of amines, such as putrescine, shown below. Lemon juice contains up to 5% citric acid, also shown below. Based on your knowledge amine chemistry and carboxylic acid chemistry, what could be occurring when lemon juice is put on the cooked fish? H₂N NH₂ putrescine, a smelly fish compound HO O O OH 0 OH OH citric acid, a major componant in lemon juice The citric acid undergoes an E2 reaction with the putrescine. The citric acid protonates the putrescine. The citric aicd undergoes and Sn2 reactions with putrescine. The citric acid oxidizes the putrescine. The citric acid hybridizes the putrescine.Because amines are basic, they can often accept a proton. Draw the protonated structure of n-propylamine.