It is an infection of the teeth that leads to destruction of the dentin and pulp inside the tooth Periodontal pockets of infection and inflammation form between tooth roots and gums (gingivae)
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- Causative factors for peptic ulcer are infection with gram-negative Helicobacter pylori Use of non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NDAIDS) increase hydrochloride acid secretion AllBacteria between the gums and tooth that causes inflammation there is called: 1)dental caries 2)root canal 3)gingivitis 4)crowningWhich of the following is NOT true about trachoma? The infectious form of the pathogen is called an “elementary body". Transmitted by hand contact or sharing personal objects Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, which is a type of DNA virus Blindness is caused by long-term abrasion of the cornea It is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the world
- Which of the following is not an example of spongiform encephalopathy? Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Mad Cow disease listeriosis chronic wasting diseasePin-point hemorrhage refers to which of the following? Ecchymosis Petechia Hematoma Puncture woundThere have been many cases of human infection with Salmonella caused by contact (or ingestion) with raw or undercooked chicken. This is an example of which type of microbial source for foodborne illness? A food animal - infection or colonization during its lifetime Contamination by human or animal feces during growing, harvesting, washing, transport, or storage Contamination by naturally occurring environmental organisms from soil or other sources None of the other four answers are correct Contamination by human microbiota or pathogens during handling & preparation
- "Imagine you are a young oral hygiene student about to see your dental patient who turns out to have carious lesions on their teeth, the patient informs that the problem runs in the family. Patient X (20 years old, identifies as other) complains of dull pain on the posterior teeth. They describe the pain as sharp but sometimes dull. The pain comes and goes depending on the weather. Patient is asthmatic, lactose intolerant, allergic to penicillin and pollen, uses corticosteroid inhaler, the last asthma attcack was last month triggered by flu. On examination patient has plaque index of 80% and bleeding index of 95%, gingiva appears edematous, red, stippled and consistency is firm. Hard tissue examination- questionable caries on 46, carious lesion involving the dentine (not painful) on 37 and painful 26 with deep and large carious lesion. Deep fissures on 16, 25, 47, 44. The question is how would you approach the problem highlighted in the scenario and how would you manage (treatment…Which of the following is NOT true about the transmission of diseases of the digestive system? Which option is the answer: 1. Many are transmitted in food and/or water 2. The fecal-oral transmission cycle can be broken by proper food preparation and storage, and handwashing 3. The fecal-oral transmission cycle can be broken by proper sewage disposal and disinfection/filtration of drinking water 4. Some are transmitted from person to person directly or indirectly via the fecal-oral route 5. None of the other four answers (All are true)Which of the following is NOT true about diphtheria? None of the other four answers (All are true about diphtheria) Highly virulent exotoxin can damage heart and kidneys Caused by a respiratory virus Produces a tough pseudomembrane in the throat Preventable by immunization
- Which of the following viruses is NOT routinely responsible for causing gastroenteritis? O Rotavirus O Norovirus O Coronavirus O AdenovirusA 37 year old man develops a recurrent episode of pseudomembranous colitis shortly after completing an initial course of oral metronidazole therapy. Which of the following best explains the recurrence? The bacterial strain can form spores that persist in the gastrointestinal tract Other gastrointestinal flora have degraded the metronidazole The patient has an underlying gastrointestinal tract disorder Systemic therapy is necessary to eradicate this infectionWhat are the clinical manifestations of the following? Trihuris trichiura Capillaria philippinensis Ascaris lumbricoides Enterobius vermicularis Hookworm Strongyloides stercoralis