Include the theory of how molecules interact with and elute from molecular stationary phase of GC GC column (Hint: BP anf Polarity), the information gained from order of elution, and type of column used.
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How can Gas Chromatography be used to determine identity? Include the theory of how molecules interact with and elute from molecular stationary phase of GC GC column (Hint: BP anf Polarity), the information gained from order of elution, and type of column used. Reaction: Isoamyl alcohol + acetic acid === isoamyl acetate (product
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- A young researcher set out to develop a method for quantifying the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content in a contaminated soil sample using open tubular gas chromatography. During the initial stages of method development, the researcher was unable to separate the early eluting compounds, anthracene and naphthalene, with baseline resolution. Select the possible modifications the researcher could make to improve the resolution. use a column with a smaller inner diameter decrease the column length increase the stationary phase thickness increase the temperature choose a different stationary phaseThe identity of a volatile petroleum residue is determined by the (size, pattern) of its gas chromatogramA certain mixture contains the following compounds: propionic acid, 2-hexanol, isoamyl acetate, and 3,4-dimethylheptane. Rank the compounds in the order of decreasing rate of elution using normal phase liquid chromatography. Explain your answer
- True or False: Liquid-solid phase column chromatography is used to separate large up to multigram amounts of mixtures, based on their differences (however small) in polarity.A student analyzes sample 1, and sample 2 chromatograms of a mixture containing two compounds (A + B). The following data is obtained: Sample 1: Retention time Area Height % Area 0.210 19.20 15.68 5.57 0.650 243.62 89.37 70.74 1.74 81.57 13.42 23.68 Sample 2: 0.290 64.81 49.90 12.17 0.69 11.61 4.19 2.18 1.95 456.31 43.46 85.66 Using the data from the four compounds below, answer the following questions: Compound (b.p. °C) Retention time Area Height % Area Air 0.280 14.29 8.85 2.81 Hexane (69) 0.666 93.40 33.76 18.34 Cyclohexane (80.7) 0.980 124.66 30.48 24.48 Pentane (98.4) 1.216 112.27 24.18 22.05 Toluene (110.6) 1.830 164.59 21.64 32.32Please answer Questions 5-3, 5-4, and 5-5 (GC Gas Chromatography) 5-2. A sample mixture of ethyl benzoate (bp 212 Celsius) and dodecane (bp 216.2 Celsius) is injected on two GC columns.Column A has DC710 silicone oil as the stationary phase, and column B uses polyethylene glycol as the stationaryphase. Which substance would be certain to elute first from column A and would the same material be expected toelute first from column B? Which column, A or B, would be expected to give the better separation of these two substances? 5-3. Question 5-2 refers to separating a mixture of two high boiling liquids by gas chromatography. These materials havesimilar boiling points. List several GC variables and conditions that would make it easier to separate thesesubstances by gas chromatography. 5-4. Capillary GC columns have better resolution than packed columns even though the enormous surface area provided by the packing material is absent in capillary columns. Why? 5-5. Preparative GC requires…
- 4.Consider the peaks for pentafluorobenzene and benzene in the gas chromatogram shown here. The elution time for unretained solute is 1.06 min. The open tubular column is 30.0 m in length and 0.530 mm in diameter, with a layer of stationary phase 3.0 μm thick on the inner wall. a) Measruing the width, w, at the baseline on the chromatogram, find the number of plates for these two compounds b) Use your answer to (a) to find the resolution between the two peaks c) Using the number of plates N=sqrtN1*N2 with the values from (a) calcuate what the resolution should be and compare your answer with the measured resolution in bThe following data are from the HPLC assay of paracetamol 500 mg tablets using the calibration curve method: - Weight of active ingredient in powdered tablets taken for analysis: 180 mg • Initial extraction volume: 200 mL - Dilution steps: 10 mL into 100 mL, then 5 mL into 100 mL - Linear equation: y = 12000x - 50 %3! - Area of chromatographic peak for sample is 4750. What is the theoretical concentration in final solution in mg/100 mL? (2 decimal places). Please do not write the units, just numerical value. Answer:4. The chromatogram below shows the separation of a mixture obtained by gas chromatography (GC) using a column temperature of 70C. The column used contains a polar stationary phase (polyethylene glycol) and the length is 15m. REPORT (all times in minutes) Peak Ret. Time Width @ Base tu 1.44 1 2.33 0.102 2 2.45 0.119 3 2.93 0.127 4 4.22 0.144 5 6.01 0.221 6 9.50 0.510 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (min) The mixture separated contains the following six analytes: butanol, heptane, pentane, pentanol, octane and propanol. a. Explain the principle of separation taking place using GC. Predict the elution order of these compounds (assign them numbers 1-6) using the chromatographic conditions stated above. Justify your answer. [5pts] b. Calculate the resolution (Rs) and selectivity (a) factors for the two overlapping peaks. [4pts] c. Calculate the number of theoretical plates (N) and plate height (H) for Peak 4. [4pts] d. Suggest how improvements could be made to the chromatography to improve the…
- Internal standard. A solution containing 3.47 mM X (analyte) and 1.72 mM S (standard) gave peak areas of 3 473 and 10 222, respectively, in a chromatographic analysis. Then 1.00 mL of 8.47 mM S was added to 5.00 mL of unknown X, and the mixed solution was diluted to 10.0 mL. This solution gave peak areas of 5 428 and 4 431 for X and S, respectively. (a) Find the response factor for X relative to S in Equation 5-9. (b) Find [S] (mM) in the 10.0 mL of mixed solution. (c) Find [X] (mM) in the 10.0 mL of mixed solution.(d) Find [X] in the original unknown.A gas chromatogram of a mixture of toluene and ethyl (a) Measure w1/2 for each peak to the nearest 0.1 mm. When the thickness of the pen trace is significant relative to the length being measured, it is important to take the pen width into account. It is best to measure from the edge of one trace to the corresponding edge of the other trace, as shown at the bottom of the left column. (b) Find the number of theoretical plates and the plate height for each peak.The method of internal standard was used to analyze and measure the concentration of chemical X by GC A known mixture of compounds X and Y (internal standard) gave the following chromatographic results: Compound X Y a) 2.0 x 106 M b) 8.4 x 10-7 M c) 6.6 x 10-7 M Concentration (M) 6.3 x 10-8 2.0 x 10-7 d) 4.1 x 10-7 M e) 2.9 x 10-7 M Peak Area Then, an unknown was analyzed as follows. 3.0 mL of unknown X was treated with 0.100 mL of 1.6 x 10-5 MY and the mixture diluted to 10.0 mL final volume. Peak areas were 633 (for X) and 520 (for Y). What is the concentration of X in the unknown. (The original 3.00 sample?) 395 787