In the SARS-CoV-2 assay, what is the benefit of a diagnostic tool that can distinguish the difference between the presence of IgG and IgM in a sample?
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In the SARS-CoV-2 assay, what is the benefit of a diagnostic tool that can distinguish the difference between the presence of IgG and IgM in a sample?
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- In an experiment assay, sometimes there are several dilutions involved.0.5 mL of (Bovine serum albumin) BSA is pipetted into 0.5 mL of PhosphateBuffer Solution (PBS).Then 0.2 mL of the mixture is pipetted into 0.8 mL of PBS.What is the total dilution factor for this assay?1.a)What is the equivalence point and how does it relate to the recommended proportion of serum to blood in the heme agglutination assay? b. what would the predicted outcome be if you used too little serum in this assay? Why? c. what would the predicted outcome be if you used too much serum in assay? Why?In the plaque assay, what is the precise origin of a single plaque?
- Biochemistry techniques: a) Name and briefly describe the ELISA assay with greater sensitivity for detection of the viral infection. Focus on antigens and antibodies. Justify your reasoning. B) Consider a mixture of four proteins with various molecular weights. A histone molecule weighs 15 kDa, a p53 molecule weighs 53 kDa, an actin molecule weighs 42 kDa, and an IgG molecule weighs 150 kDa, Arrange the molecules in order of their elution from a gel filtration column. Elutes first (A) to elute last (D) arrangement below: A) B) C) D) Explain your reasoning . Instructor C). What characteristics determine the position of a protein at the end of isoelectric focusing of 2D SDS- PAGE?A medical technology intern was assigned to the serology section of a clinical laboratory. His supervisor asked him to prepare a 5% red cell suspension, which will be used to run a hemagglutination inhibition assay. The intern, being aware of the importance of preparing the desired concentration of red cells recommended in the assay, considers the factors enumerated on the table below during the sample processing. If you are the intern assigned to the task, explain why these factors are vital to the procedure and determine their effect on the sensitivity of the test. Factors to Consider Importance Effect 1. Tonicity of the suspending saline solution 2. Overfilling of the tube 3. Proper washing of red cells 4. Too heavy or too diluted red cell suspensionRegarding the production of monoclonal antibodies, it is CORRECT to state that: * A) Hybridomas are cells generated from the fusion of myeloma cells and cells from animals challenged with the antigen of interest that have the ability to produce antibodies and limited cell proliferation. B) All hybrid cells generated from the fusion of cells from the challenged animal and cells of the myeloma lineage will have the ability to produce antibodies reactive against the antigen of interest. C) The HAT selection medium contains aminopterin, which is an efficient inhibitor of the thymidine kinase metabolic pathway, thus eliminating myeloma cells that are not fused or fused with other cells of the same kind. D) The HAT selection medium contains hypoxanthine, which is an efficient inhibitor of the nucleotide synthesis salvage pathway, thus eliminating cells from the challenged animal that are not fused or fused with other identical cells. E) Hybridomas will produce antibodies with the…
- An experiment was performed in mice. Wild-type bone marrow is used to reconstitute lethally irradiated Cr2-/- mice (wt®Cr2-/-), or vice versa (Cr2-/-®wt). As controls, Cr2-/- bone marrow is used to reconstitute Cr2-/- recipients (Cr2-/-®Cr2-/-), and wild-type bone marrow used to reconstitute wild-type recipients (wt®wt). These mice are then inoculated with the HSV-rd virus at 106 PFU, once at day 0 and then a second time at day 28, and the anti-HSV IgG responses are measured every 7 days, as shown in figure below. a) From the data shown above, on which cell type is the expression of the complement receptor most important for humoral immunity? b) For each of the cell types expressing the complement receptor encoded by Cr2, what is the explanation for their importance in humoral immunity to HSV inoculation?What are the advantages and disadvantages of agglutinationtests versus fluorescent antibody assays? How are the latter usedto identify specific cells in complex mixtures, such as blood?What is the role of genomics in generating anti-SEMA3A monoclonal antibodies as a potential therapeutic antibody against GBM progression? Explain in detailed manner.
- A 6-year-old girl with chronic anemia requiring repeated blood transfusions is undergoing genetic testing. The patient's mother and older sibling have a history of mild anemia. Her peripheral blood smear shows hypochromic, microcytic red blood cells, and sickle cells. Doctor has expressed opinion to use electrophoresis for diagnosis. Please explain how may it work for this disease?1)Describe the key processes involved in vaccine manufacturing.2) Review the literature and identify the key players in the various mutants of the spikeprotein.3) How were the structures of ACE 2 and spike protein solved?4) Why is it easier to target a single mutant versus multiple mutants in the virus?5) There are several coronaviruses in the database, why is the SARS-CoV-2 sodangerous?6) Summarize the key difference in the invasion of cells by:a. HIVb. Adenovirusc. Anthraxd. SARS-CoV-2e. MERSIn general, what is the purpose of washing the red blood cell prior to testing? What are some of the tests that require washing of the red blood cells? What are the important considerations that you have to keep in mind in performing blood typing? Why is FORWARD typing only the screening procedure, not the confirmatory one? Why is REVERSE typing only the confirmatory procedure?