In the homework we saw Turing machines for AND, OR, NOT. Here's the definition for XOR. q® 0 B q1 q1 B R q2 q® 1 B q3 q3 B R q4 q4 0 1 q5 q4 1 0 q6 Trace the machine's execution on input 11 by showing the successive configurations. List one configuration per line with a single space separating each part of the configuration. Recall that the parts of the configuration are in the following order: current-state current-head tape-to-left tape- to-right.
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- A graph is a collection of vertices and edges G(V, E). A weighted graph has weights (numbers, etc.) on every edge. A multigraph can have more than one edges between any vertices. Explain why a person should use a weighted graph instead of a multigraph. Give examples. An adjacency matrix might be a better choice for speeding up a program, however, it consumes huge memory for large graphs. How this situation can be improved? What programming constructs better suit graph representation? Explain with exampleText reading is an integral component in our counting algorithms, and it is also ubiquitous in daily applications. The following is a very bad algorithm for reading from a text file, although it is correct and straightforward. It reads from a file line by line, and concatenate them into text. Then we split it using a regular expression. The split part is fast in linear complexity (we will learn it in Comp-2140), hence that is not our concern. Note that trim() is needed to remove empty strings. static String [] readTextBAD (String PATH) throws Exception { BufferedRe ader br=new BufferedReader (new FileReader(PATH)); String text=""; String line=""; while ((line=br.readLine ())!=null) text=text+" "+line.trim(); String tokens []=text.trim().split("[^a-zA -Z]+"); return tokens; } 5.4.1 Time complexity of readTextBAD Write below the time complexity of readTextBAD in terms of the text word length n, and explain your answer. Refer to repeat1 example in the textbook for the cause of low speed…Correct answer will be upvoted else downvoted. Computer science. You are given a grid a comprising of positive integers. It has n lines and m segments. Develop a framework b comprising of positive integers. It ought to have a similar size as a, and the accompanying conditions ought to be met: 1≤bi,j≤106; bi,j is a various of ai,j; the outright worth of the contrast between numbers in any nearby pair of cells (two cells that share a similar side) in b is equivalent to k4 for some integer k≥1 (k isn't really something similar for all sets, it is own for each pair). We can show that the appropriate response consistently exists. Input The primary line contains two integers n and m (2≤n,m≤500). Every one of the accompanying n lines contains m integers. The j-th integer in the I-th line is ai,j (1≤ai,j≤16). Output The output ought to contain n lines each containing m integers. The j-th integer in the I-th line ought to be bi,j.
- Please help me Josephus Problem is a theoretical problem related to a certain counting-out game. On thiscase, people are standing in a circle waiting to be executed. After a specified number ofpeople are skipped, the next person is executed. The procedure is repeated with theremaining people, starting with the next person, going in the same direction and skippingthe same number of people, until one person remains, and is freed.Arrange the numbers 1 , 2, 3 , ... consecutively (say, clockwise) in a circle. Now removenumber 2 and proceed clockwise by removing every other number, among those thatremain, until one number is left. (a) Let denote the final number which remains. Find formula for .(b) If there are 70 people, what is the safe number (the number that remains)?Adam begins to master programming. The main undertaking is drawing a fox! Notwithstanding, that ends up being excessively hard for a novice, so she chooses to draw a snake all things being equal. A snake is an example on a n by m table. Mean c-th cell of r-th column as (r, c). The tail of the snake is situated at (1, 1), then, at that point, it's body reaches out to (1, m), then, at that point, goes down 2 lines to (3, m), then, at that point, goes left to (3, 1, etc. Your undertaking is to draw this snake for Adam: the unfilled cells ought to be addressed as speck characters ('.') and the snake cells ought to be loaded up with number signs ('#'). Consider test tests to comprehend the snake design for the programming concepts.A palindrome is a sequence that is the same as its reverse. For example, the word "RACECAR" is a palindrome. For this problem we will define an almost palindrome to be a sequence that can be transformed into its reverse with 2 or fewer character additions, deletions, replacements, or swaps. A character swap swaps two adjacent characters. For instance "MARJORAM" can be reversed by swapping the 'J' and the 'O'. In addition, "FOOLPROOF" can be reversed by replacing the 'R' with and 'L' and vice versa. Finally, the word "BONOBO" can be reversed by deleting the final 'O' and reinserting it at the beginning. Devise a dynamic programming algorithm that will determine the number of edits necessary to to transform a sequence into its reverse. a) State this problem with formal input and output conditions. b) State a self-reduction for this problem. c) State a dynamic programming algorithm based off of your self-reduction that computes the minimum number of edits to transform a sequence into its…
- Problem Alice was given a number line containing every positive integer, x, where 1<=x<=n. She was also given m line segments, each having a left endpoint, l (1<=l<=n), a right endpoint, r (1<=r<=n), and an integer weight, w. Her task is to cover all numbers on the given number line using a subset of the line segments, such that the maximum weight among all the line segments in the chosen subset is minimal. In other words, let S=(l1,r1,w1),(l2,r2,w2),....,(lk,rk,wk), represent a set of k line segments chosen by Alice, max(w1,w2,...,wk) should be minimized. All numbers 1,2,....n should be covered by at least one of k the chosen line segments. It is okay for the chosen line segments to overlap. You program should output the minimized maximum weight in the chosen subset that covers all the numbers on the number line, or -1 if it is not possible to cover the number line. Input format The first line of the input contains an integer, n - denoting the range of numbers…Question 3 In the homework we saw Turing machines for AND, OR, NOT. Here's the definition for XOR. qo O B q1 q1 BR q2 q0 1 B q3 q3 BR q4 q4 0 1 q5 94 1 0 q6 Trace the machine's execution on input 11 by showing the successive configurations. List one configuration per line with a single space separating each part of the configuration. Recall that the parts of the configuration are in the following order: current-state current-head tape-to-left tape-to- right. Use "e" for e and use it only in the "tape-to-left" or "tape-to-right" positions when there is nothing but blanks in those directions. Otherwise list all characters explicitly (and use B for a blank character when needed). initially q0 1 e 1 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3Show that the following function is Turing-computable. f(x)=x+1 . I want the drawing
- Correct answer will be upvoted else downvoted. Computer science. Presently Nezzar has a beatmap of n particular focuses A1,A2,… ,An. Nezzar might want to reorder these n focuses so the subsequent beatmap is great. Officially, you are needed to find a change p1,p2,… ,pn of integers from 1 to n, to such an extent that beatmap Ap1,Ap2,… ,Apn is great. In case it is unthinkable, you ought to decide it. Input The primary line contains a solitary integer n (3≤n≤5000). Then, at that point, n lines follow, I-th of them contains two integers xi, yi (−109≤xi,yi≤109) — directions of point Ai. It is ensured that all focuses are unmistakable. Output In case there is no arrangement, print −1. In any case, print n integers, addressing a legitimate change p. In case there are numerous potential replies, you can print any.For a Turing machine M, (M) refers to the binary representation of M. For a Turing machine M, L(M) contains the set of all strings accepted by M. For a Turing machine M and an input x € {0,1}*, Steps(M, x) refers to the number of steps taken by M to execute on x before it halts. Here, one step of execution of M on x = one movement (left or right) of the tape head. For a Turing machine M and an input x = {0,1}*, we define the following: ReachCells(M,x) = {i : M reaches ith tape cell when M is executed on x} Informally, it contains all locations on the tape that are visited when M is ecuted on x. The leftmost location on the tape is the first tape cell, the location next to it is the second tape cell, and so on. A string w₁ is an anagram of w2 if w₁ can be obtained by rearranging the alphabets of w2. Formally, if w₁ is an n length string, wê is called an anagram of w₁ if there exists a permutation à on n elements such that π(w₁) = W2.Consider some input string s and some index i. The longestsubstring s[i], ... , s[j − 1] that is a valid expression consists of some number of termsadded together. In all of these cases, it begins with a term. By magic, assume that theGetTerm routine already works. Calling GetTerm(s, i) will return pterm and jterm, wherepterm is the parsing of this first term and jterm indexes the token immediately after thisterm. Specifically, if the expression has another term then jterm indexes the ‘+’ thatis between these terms. Hence, we can determine whether there is another term bychecking s[jterm]. If s[jterm] = ‘+,’ then GetExp will call GetTerm again to get the nextterm. If s[jterm] is not a ‘+’ but some other character, then GetExp is finished readingin all the terms. GetExp then constructs the parsing consisting of all of these termsadded together.