In the fictionaltown ofWilsonville, there's a bustling localeconomy with numerous firms andhouseholds. The local bakery, owned by Mrs. Smith, is a favorite among the townspeople for its deliciouspies. Mrs. Smith buys her fresh apples from the local orchard, which is owned by Mr. Johnson. Meanwhile, Mr. Johnson and hisfamily are regularcustomers at Mrs. Smith's bakery,indulging in her pies every weekend. Use the diagram below to answer the question. Factor market b Firms Households What do arrows a and b represents? 1. a - income; b - goods and services 2. a - spending; b - factors of production 3. a - spending; b - goods and services 4. a - income; b - factors of production Goods market
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- Your professor has decided that, from now on, students who receive less than a 60 percent grade onany exam will be eligible to go to a review session. Ifthey attend the session, they will receive an extra 10percent on their grade. You see a problem with thispolicy, and instead propose to your professor thatpeople who go to the review session should receive50 percent of the difference between their grade and60 percent. Explain why this situation represents atrade-off between equity and efficiency. When Chinese automakers began exporting cars, rather thanfocusing on developed nations in the West, they shippedautos to emerging markets in countries such as Algeria, Russia,Chile, and South Africa. In these markets, even used vehiclesfrom multinational manufacturers are relatively scarce—andrelatively expensive. The Chinese automakers, who prioritizelow cost rather than design or even safety, applied a penetration-pricing strategy. A woman in Santiago, Chile, who boughta new Chery S21 explained, “The price factor is fairly decisive.I paid $5,500 new and full. Toyota with similar features costsaround $12,000.” Why do you think Chinese automakerschose that pricing strategy? Do you think it was successful?As Chinese regulators pressure these manufacturers to maketheir cars safer, do you think they will be able to keep theirprices low compared with those of the international automakers? Why or why not?262.19. Standard setting. Suppose Apple and Samsung are in the process of negotiating a common standard for a new 3D camera tech- nology they plan to introduce in the next generation of smartphones. Apple has a preference for standard A, whereas Samsung has a pref- erence for standard S. However, both recognize that multiple stan- dards are a worse outcome for all. Specifically, Apple gets 240 if it selects A and Samsung does so too, but only 20 if Samsung does not adopt A. If Apple adopts standard S and Samsung does so too, then Apple gets a payoff of 190. If, however, Samsung chooses A then Ap- ple gets zero. For Samsung, the situation looks similar: If Samsung chooses standard S and Apple does the same then Samsung gets 210, but if Apple chooses A the Samsung's payoff is only 30. If Samsung opts for standard A and Apple does so too then Samsung gets a pay- off of 110, whereas if Apple chooses standard S then Samsung gets a payoff of zero. (a) Suppose that both Apple and Samsung…
- This is the answer.. plz write in hand written Here, the given decision tree shows that player 1 moves either to enter or not to enter, while player 2 has two options to choose that are concede and price war. When analyzing the given information, it can be seen that player 1 will surely enter the market as it will give him higher payoff than the payoff when he does not enter as does not enter gives him $1 billion, while entry will give him either $2 billion or $1.5 billion. Therefore, player 1 will enter. After the entry of player 1, player 2 has an incentive to choose to concede as it will give him the payoff of$1.5 billion, while price war will give him $1 billion. Therefore, the outcome of this game would be: (Enter, Concede)Macmillan Learning You notice that the prices of coffee at your local supermarket vary from week to week, causing you to buy different brands, depending on which is cheaper that week. Your friend William, by contrast, is a hardcore Peet's fan and buys only Peet's, whether the price is $5.99 per pound or $12.99 per pound. By varying coffee prices, the supermarket sells both to you, who is relatively price particular about coffee, and to William, who is relatively price and and particular about coffee. O sensitive; less; insensitive; more insensitive; more; sensitive; less sensitive; more; insensitive; less insensitive; less; sensitive; more Incorrect18. Answer the next question based on the payoff matrix for a two-firm oligopoly where the numbers represent the firms' respective profits given each of their pricing strategies: FIRM Y O $ 800,000 O $1,000,000 O $1,450,000 Strategies: High-price If both firms collude to maximize joint profits, O $1,250,000 FIRM X High-price X = $625,000 Y = $625,000 Low-price X = $275,000 Y = $725,000 Low Price X = $725,000 Y = $275,000 X = $400,000 Y = $400,000 tal profits for the two firms will be:
- 4. You are the manager of a firm that produces products X and Y at zero cost. Youknow that different types of consumers value your two products differently, but you are unable toidentify these consumers individually at the time of the sale. In particular, you know there arethree types of consumers (100 of each type) with the following valuations for the two products: Consumer Type Product X Product Y1 $90 $ 602 $70 $1403 $40 $160 a. What are your profits if you charge $40 for product X and $60 for product Y?b. What are your profits if you charge $90 for product X and $160 for product Y?c. What are your profits if you charge $150 for a bundle containing one unit of product X andone unit of product Y?d. What are your profits if you charge $210 for a bundle containing one unit of X and one unit ofY, but also sell the…8. Two states, A and B, have signed an arms-control agreement. This agreementcommits them to refrain from building certain types of weapons. The agreement is supposed tohold for an indefinite length of time. However, A and B remain potential enemies who wouldprefer to be able to cheat and build more weapons than the other. The payoff table for A (player1, the row player) and B (player 2, the column player) in each period after signing thisagreement is below. a) First assume that each state uses Tit-for-Tat (TFT) as a strategy in this repeated game.The rate of return is r. For what values of r would it be worth it for player A to cheat bybuilding additional weapons just once against TFT? b) For what values of r would it be worth deviating from the agreement forever to buildweapons? c) Convert both values you found in parts a and b to the equivalent discount factor dusing the formula given in lecture and section. d) Use the answers you find to discuss the relationship between d and r:…2. Consider a game that game theory people refer to as the “ultimatum game.”We will refer to our two players as the “offerer” and the “decider”. How the gameworks is that the offerer proposes a way to split $1000 between the two players.While this could be done in a variety of ways, we will assume that the offerersonly has two possible proposals: Either a 50-50 split, or she offers the decider$50 and keeps the rest. The decider can either accept or reject the offer. If the offer is accepted, the money is split as proposed. If the offer is rejected, themoney spontaneously combusts and nobody gets anything. a) List the strategies for each player and write an extensive form version of thegame with payouts. b) List all the Nash equilibria of this game. c) Explain which, if any of the Nash equilibrium are not sub-game perfect. d) Write the game out in normal form and find the pure strategy Nashequilibrium. Explain how this matches with your answers to (b) and (c) . Alsoexplain why there…
- 1. Suppose you are the economic adviser ofa company producing three brands of mobile pnones;Nokia 10, Samsung X and iPhone 7. Suppose further that, your company currently sells 120units of iPhone Z at e800 per unit, 150 units of Samsung X at e800 per unit and 200 units ofNokia 10 at e100 per unit, but in a bid to maximize profit, the company's managing directorproposes an increase in price of Samsung X from e800 to e1000 per unit for which quantitydemanded is anticipated to fall from 150 to 100 units; iPhone Z from e800 to e 1200 per unitfor which quantity demanded is anticipated to fall from 120 to 100 units; and Nokia 10 from100 to 200 per unit for which quantity demanded is expected to fall from 200 to 100 unitsUsing the mid-polint formula. compute the price elasticity of demand for each brand.From your answer in i, what is the type and economic interpretatiom of each brand'sii.value of elasticity.2. Briefly explain any three key features of a Perfect Competitive and a Monopolistic…Suppose O2 and Vodafone are the only two telecommunicationscompanies in UK. Both companies are considering whether ornot to stop offering unlimited data plans. Each company has twostrategies: stop or don’t stop. The first entry in the brackets is the payoffsof O2 and the second entry is the payoffs of Vodafone, both in $million.What will be the dominant strategies of O2 and Vodafone and what willbe the Nash equilibrium? Explain your answers.Mary and Raj are the only two growers whoprovide organically grown corn to a local grocery store.They know that if they cooperated and produced lesscorn, they could raise the price of the corn. If theywork independently, they will each earn $100. If theydecide to work together and both lower their output,they can each earn $150. If one person lowers outputand the other does not, the person who lowers outputwill earn $0 and the other person will capture the entiremarket and will earn $200. Table 10.6 represents thechoices available to Mary and Raj. What is the bestchoice for Raj if he is sure that Mary will cooperate? IfMary thinks Raj will cheat, what should Mary do andwhy? What is the prisoner’s dilemma result? What is thepreferred choice if they could ensure cooperation? A =Work independently; B = Cooperate and Lower Output.(Each results entry lists Raj’s earnings first, and Mary'searnings second.)