In humans, the development of gonadal sex in females is determined by a. The production of inductors by xx cells D. Inductors act on the medulla region of undifferentiated gonads C. The production of inductors by xy cells d. A and b С. e. В and c Consider the following cross in Drosophila: Tra tra xx crossed with tra tra xy What are the genotypes and frequencies in the offspring? Application question. a. 1/2 Tra tra xx 2 Tra tra xy b. 1/4 Tra tra xx 1/4 tra tra xx 1/2 Tra tra xy 1/4 tra tra xx 1/4Tra tra xy 1/4 tra tra xy С. 1/4 Tra tra xx d. 1/4 Tra Tra xx 1/4 Tra Tra xy 1/4 tra tra x 1/4 tra tra xy e. None of these
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- Are the following events best explained by mutation or epimutation? A. imprinting of the Igf2 geneB. variation in coat color in mice carrying the Avy alleleC. formation of cancer cellsD. variation in flower color between different strains of pea plants,such as purple versus whiteE. X-chromosome inactivationThe ABO blood groups in humans are expressed as the IA,IB and i alleles. The IAallele encodes the A blood group antigen, IB encodes B, and i encodes O. Both A and B are dominant to 0. If a heterozygous blood type A parent (IAi) and a heterozygous blood type B parent (IBi) mate, one quarter of their offspring are expected to have the AB blood type IAIBin which both arnigens are expressed equally. Therefore, ABO blood groups are an example of: a. multiple alleles and incomplete dominance b. codominance and incomplete dominance c. incomplete dominance only d. multiple alleles and codominanceMutations Can Uncouple chromosomal Sex from Phenotypic Sex Discuss whether the following individuals (1) have male or female gonads, (2) are phenotypically male or female (discuss Wolffian/Mllerian ducts and external genitalia), and (3) are sterile or fertile. a. XY, homozygous for a recessive mutation in the testosterone biosynthetic pathway, producing no testosterone b. XX, heterozygous for a dominant mutation in the testosterone biosynthetic pathway, which causes continuous production of testosterone c. XY, heterozygous for a recessive mutation in the MIH gene d. XY, homozygous fora recessive mutation in the SRY gene that abolishes function
- describes the results of X-chromosome inactivation inmammals. If fast and slow alleles of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) exist in other species, what would be theexpected results of gel electrophoresis for a heterozygous femaleof each of the following species?A. MarsupialB. Drosophila melanogasterC. Caenorhabditis elegans (Note: We are considering the hermaphrodite in C. elegans to be equivalent to a female.)In Drosophila, a heterozygous female for the X-linkedrecessive traits a, b, and c was crossed to a male that phenotypically expressed a, b, and c. The offspring occurred inthe following phenotypic ratios.+ b c 460a + + 450a b c 32+ + + 38a + c 11+ b + 9 No other phenotypes were observed.(a) What is the genotypic arrangement of the alleles ofthese genes on the X chromosome of the female?The Drosophila gene Sex lethal (Sxl) is deserving of itsname. Certain alleles have no effect on XY animals butcause XX animals to die early in development. Other alleles have no effect on XX animals but cause XY animals to die early in development. Thus, some Sxl allelesare lethal to females, while others are lethal to males.a. Would you expect a null mutation in Sxl to causelethality in males or in females? b. Why do Sxl alleles of either type cause lethality ina specific sex?The gene transformer (tra) gets its name from sexualtransformation, as some tra alleles can change XXanimals into morphological males, while other traalleles can change XY animals into morphologicalfemales.c. Which of these sex transformations would becaused by null alleles of tra and which would becaused by constitutively active alleles of tra?d. In contrast with Sxl, null tra mutations do notcause lethality either in XX or in XY animals.However, the Sxl protein regulates the productionof the Tra protein. Why…
- The maternal-effect mutation bicoid (bcd) is recessive. Inthe absence of the bicoid protein product, embryogenesis isnot completed. Consider a cross between a female heterozygousfor the bicoid mutation (bcd+/ bcd-) and a homozygousmale(bcd-/ bcd-). Predict the outcome (normal vs. failed embryogenesis) inthe F1 and F2 generations of the cross described.In Drosophila, a heterozygous female for the X-linkedrecessive traits a, b, and c was crossed to a male that phenotypically expressed a, b, and c. The offspring occurred inthe following phenotypic ratios.+ b c 460a + + 450a b c 32+ + + 38a + c 11+ b + 9 No other phenotypes were observed.(a) What progeny phenotypes are missing? Why?The XG locus on the human X chromosome has twoalleles, XG+ and XG. The XG+ allele causes the presence of the Xg surface antigen on red blood cells,while the recessive XG allele does not allow antigento appear. The XG locus is 10 m.u. from the STSlocus. The STS+ allele produces normal activity ofthe enzyme steroid sulfatase, while the recessive STSallele results in the lack of steroid sulfatase activityand the disease ichthyosis (scaly skin). A man withichthyosis and no Xg antigen has a normal daughterwith Xg antigen. This daughter is expecting a child.a. If the child is a son, what is the probability he willlack Xg antigen and have ichthyosis?b. What is the probability that a son would have boththe antigen and ichthyosis?c. If the child is a son with ichthyosis, what is theprobability he will have Xg antigen?
- ISlate edu/ d2l/le/content/5003190/viewContent/44248878/View Google Tranx 4 My Drive-G X 4. Suppose that a parent Drosophila is e ca* ca The gamete frequency is as follows: e'ca e ca 16% e'ca е са 31% 14% 29% a. Circle the recombinant gametes. b. What is the map distance between the ebony and claret genes?In Drosophila, three autosomal genes have the following map:20 m.u. 10 m.u.a b ca. Provide the data, in terms of the expected numberof flies in the following phenotypic classes, whena+ b+ c+/ a b c females are crossed to a b c / a b c males. Assume 1000 flies are counted and that nointerference exists in this region.a+ b+ c+a b ca+ b ca b+ c+a+ b+ ca b c+a+ b c+a b+ cb. If the cross was reversed, such that a+ b+ c+ / a b cmales are crossed to a b c / a b c females, howmany flies would you expect in the same phenotypic classes?. The normal eye color of Drosophila is red, but strains inwhich all flies have brown eyes are available. Similarly,wings are normally long, but there are strains with shortwings. A female from a pure line with brown eyes andshort wings is crossed with a male from a normal pureline. The F1 consists of normal females and short-wingedmales. An F2 is then produced by intercrossing the F1.Both sexes of F2 flies show phenotypes as follows:38 red eyes, long wings38 red eyes, short wings18 brown eyes, long wings18 brown eyes, short wingsDeduce the inheritance of these phenotypes; useclearly defined genetic symbols of your own invention.State the genotypes of all three generations and thegenotypic proportions of the F1 and F2.Unpacking Problem 31Before attempting a solution to this problem, try answering thefollowing questions:1. What does the word normal mean in this problem?2. The words line and strain are used in this problem.What do they mean, and are they interchangeable?3. Draw a simple…