In eukaryotic gene regulation, the Mediator complex mediates interactions between: The preinitiation complex and RNA polymerase. General transcription factors and promoter DNA sequences. Nucleosomes and RNA polymerase. Enhancer DNA sequences and histone proteins. O Proteins bound to enhancers and proteins bound to the promoter.

In eukaryotic gene regulation, the Mediator complex mediates interactions between: The preinitiation complex and RNA polymerase. General transcription factors and promoter DNA sequences. Nucleosomes and RNA polymerase. Enhancer DNA sequences and histone proteins. O Proteins bound to enhancers and proteins bound to the promoter.

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter14: Gene Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TYU: Through alternative splicing, eukaryotes (a) reinforce gene inactivation (b) prevent transcription...

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Why might repression of a eukaryotic gene by an RNA be more efficient than repression by a protein repressor? O Protein repressors only prevent the synthesis of a single splice variant of a gene. O RNA repressors bind directly to nucleotide sequences in genes, preventing their transcription. O Protein repressors are inherently unstable, so they degrade quickly and do not completely repress genes. O Synthesis of RNA repressors is less energetically costly than that of protein repressors.
The enormous complexity in initiating eukaryotic gene transcription seems at first glance to be wasteful. What is the most plausible reason for requiring so many different proteins to assemble on a large array of DNA sequences in order to initiate transcription? O The use of large numbers of proteins and regulatory sequences in DNA opens many possibilities for sophisticated combinatorial gene regulation O The need to open chromatin for transcription demands a much larger number of proteins and regulatory sequences in DNA O The use of large numbers of proteins and regulatory sequences in DNA is essential for alternative splicing of hnRNA in eukaryotes O The larger number of eukaryotic genes demands a correspondingly larger transcription apparatus than that of prokaryotes The larger size of eukaryotic cells demands a correspondingly larger transcription apparatus than that of prokaryotes
Lack of phosporylation of the C-terminal domian of Pol Il will result in which of the following? O Assembly of the full set of general transcription factors plus Pol II at the promoter, but unphosphorylated Pol II cannot leave the promoter region No assembly of the general transcription factors at a promoter No binding of Pol II at a promoter The unphosphorylated Pol II can initiate and elongate but cannot terminate
The following are examples of how eukaryotic cells may control gene expression O small RNA molecules methylation of DNA and histones O histone acetylation a promoter region that controls the initiation of transcription O Enhancer regions, which are frequently found very far away from the promoter region A alternative splicing of mRNA RNA binding proteins, a 5'cap, and 3' poly-A tail on MRNA imorove stability and reduce likelihood of degradation OInducible and repressible operons
What is the primary mechanism by which eukaryotes control transcription during cellular differentiation? O Posttranslational control of proteins through ubiquitination and phosphorylation O Regulatory transcription factors that influence chromatin structure and bind to regulatory regions O Inhibition of RNA polymerase through the expression of inhibitory enzymes O Production of microRNAs to disable mRNAs that should not be expressed O Alternative splicing of genes in different tissue types
III.ii-Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Esiankiki: My mom told me that in the case of lactase persistence, it turns out that the persistence is caused by continued expression of the lactase RNA. Xiao-Ma: That's so interesting! Here are some more notes from my biology class. I wonder how the lactase RNA can be expressed in some adults but not in others? Activators bind to genes at enhancer sequences and increase transcription. ACTIVATORS ACTIVATOR COACTIVATORS ENHANCER ACTIVATOR ATA BINDING TATA BOX coactivators function as adaptors and integrate signals from activators and repressors and relay the information to the basal transcription factors. Repressors bind to genes at silencer sequences and decrease transcription. CORE PROMOTER- REPRESSOR POLYMERASE BASAL FACTORS CODING REGION Basal transcription fac- tors and RNA polymerase bind to the core promoter of genes and are required for transcription. Figure 5. Transcription in eukaryotes. - The expression of RNA in eukaryotes is initiated by…
5 5 S 6 5 5 5 6 U 6 U 6 5:14 PM | 0.2KB/s HHHHH R R U RUUR ARU AP AP R U U R R AP R R R AP MOLECULAR...GENETICS. Describe gene regulation at transcription level. Explain the role of antsense RNA in control mechanism. Describe translational control mechanisms. Describe common DNA damages. Distinguish excision and mismatch repair. Describe the role of recA protein in recombination repair Elaborate on SOS repair mechanism. Define thymine dimer. How are they formed and repaired? Describe the molecular basis of mutation. 11 Leu+ Met+ Arg+ Write a detailed note on spontaneous mutation. Explain about mutant detection methods. Define reverse mutation. Describe the mechanism underlying Intragenic and intergenic suppressor mutations Describe the transposition mechanisms. 13 Vo LTE UNIT IV Time (Min) Describe the process of generalised transformation occurring in bacterial chromosome and plasmid. Elaborate on molecular mechanism and significance of transformation 22 Describe the process of…
Which of the following methods are used by eukaryotes to control gene expression but are not used by bacteria? O organization of genes in operons O control of both RNA splicing and chromatin remodeling O regulatory proteins binding to promoter sequences and determining polymerase used O limiting access to free nucleic acids
Which of the following are ways in which transcriptional repressors can function in eukaryotes? (Mark all correct answers) Competition with an activator for binding to an enhancer Recruit co-repressors that prevent the RNA Pol II complex from binding the promoter Sequester activators outside of the nucleus Recruit co-repressors that cause heterochromatin formation
In 3-4 sentences eachExplain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription. Explain the difference between an activator and a repressor? Explain the difference between a promoter and an enhancer? Explain the difference between an intron and an exon? Explain what happens when eIF-2 is phosphorylated and when it is not phosphorylated?
The DNA-binding proteins that recognize and accurately initiate transcription at specific eukaryotic promoter sequences are called: chromatin-remodeling complexes. transcription factors. Enhancers. response elements.
How does the 4 feature of transcription factors namely the structural motifs of DNA binding protein, activation domains, multiple transcription factors and enhancers help in the design of a building block tool. U can use the SrY gene as ur building block tool. Pls explain in details using those features of the transcription factors. In 400 words