Imagine your research lab is studying the anti-aging effects of a phytochemical. Which of the following methods could be used to measure mitochondrial function in cells treated with the phytochemical? a western blot of the electron transport chain proteins measuring cellular ATP levels
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- During chemiosmosis... a concentration gradient is generated when large numbers of H+ ions are passively transported from the mitochondrion's intermembrane space to the matrix. ATP is synthesized when H* ions move through a channel in ATP synthase. energy is released as H+ ions move freely across mitochondrial membranes. H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor.Which of the following statements best explains why the activity of ATP-citrate lyase and malic enzyme are often paired together? The use of ATP by ATP-citrate lyase means that NADH needs to be regenerated cytosolically so that more ATP can be generated via shuttle systems and replace the ATP used by ATP-citrate lyase ATP-citrate lyase produces ATP and malic enzyme produces NADPH, both needed in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway The activity of ATP-citrate lyase and malic enzyme never are correlated, they always function in different realms of metabolism The generation of acetyl CoA is a substrate for fatty acid synthesis in the cytosol and NADPH is generated as the anabolic electron carrierSEARCH ABOUT Diphenylurea-derived cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase inhibitors for biotechnology and agriculture
- b. During peptidoglycan synthesis, removal of a phosphate group from bactoprenel pyrophosphate is inhibited. What is the immediate outcome? What does this mean for cell wall synthesis? Which antibiotic works via this mechanism? ( c. Bacterium Y is photosynthetic. You want to decrease the ability of Bacterium Y to produce glucose through photosynthesis. Explain how you could manipulate the light reactions of photosynthesis to decrease glucose production during the dark reactions in Bacterium Y. Include the name of the pathway that makes glucose during the dark reactions, which/how molecules from the light reactions are used in this pathway, and what specific steps of this pathway would be affected by your manipulations.The photosynthetic process used by the green sulfur bacteria, under anaerobic conditions, is best represented by which of the following balanced equations? cell bio 6CO2 + 12H2S C6H12O6 + 6S2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 + H2O 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O 6CO2 + 12H2OCytochrome P450 (CYP450) monoxygenase is the enzyme involved in Phase I metabolism. 450 refers to: * It can metabolize 450 drugs when in the reduced form and complexed to carbon monoxide It can produce 450 drugs when in the oxidized form and complexed to carbon dioxide It can emit light at 450 nm when in the oxidized form and complexed to carbon monoxide It can absorb light at 450 nm when in the reduced form and complexed to carbon dioxide It can absorb light at 450 nm when in the reduced form and complexed to carbon monoxide
- Which statement on the biosynthesis of cannabinoids is NOT TRUE? Select one: O a. Geranyl pyrophosphate is formed as a precursor via the deoxyxylulose pathway in cannabis O b. Divarinic acid is the precursor for the production of propyl cannabinoid acids. O C. When prenyl-transferase enzyme uses olivetolic acid as substrate cannabigerivarinic acid (CBGVA) is formed. O d. THCA-synthase, CBDA-synthase, and CBC- synthase enzymes can use both CBGA and GBGVA as substrate.One of the steps in psilocybin biosynthesis is the phosphorylation of 4-hydroxytryptamine By the enzyme Psik as shown below, that involves the hydrolysis of ATP. NH₂ OH HO Psik HO of A& ADP 4-hydroxytryptamine ATP norbaeocystin The standard free energy changes for each reaction is shown in the Table below. J reaction 4-hydroxytryptamine + P₁ → norbaeocystin ATP → ADP+ Pi (b) What is the equilibrium constant at 37 °C? AG 27.7 kJ/mol -32.2 kJ/mol (a) Write the net reaction. What is the standard free energy change for the net reaction? (c) In the cell, the concentration of ATP is 3.1 mM, the concentration of P; Is 5.90 mM, and the Concentration of ADP is 220 μM. What will AG Be if the concentration of norbaeocystin Is always kept at 1/100 of the concentration of 4-hydroxytryptamine?About the process of industrial production of ethanol by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mark the correct alternatives: (a) the cells must be cultured in anaerobic conditions to activate the metabolic pathway of ethanol production (b). the presence of oxygen is required to allow regeneration of the NAD+ cofactor (c). good oxygenation of the medium is important to favor the formation of greater amounts of ATP (d).the production of ethanol is always accompanied by the formation of glycerol (e). the sugar present in the culture medium is completely oxidized to CO2 and water
- The following image is a schematic of the metabolic processes occurring in a plant contained in a closed container. A=Light Dependent reactions B=Glycolysis C=Light Independent Reactions D=Kreb's cycle E=electron transport chain 2a) Use the figure above to explain the conditions in which the oxygen concentration remains constant in the container. b) 2-carboxyarabinitol-1,5-bisphosphate (CABP) is an inhibitor of the enzyme rubisco. Which pathway would this affect most?ATCase catalyzes the conversion of carbamoyl phosphate and aspartate into N-carbamoylaspartate, a precursor in pyrimidine biosynthesis. What roles do ATP and CTP play in this reaction? uncompetitive inhibitors heterotropic modulators homotropic modulators mixed inhibitorsYou identified a mutant yeast whose glycolytic pathway is shorter due to the presence of a new enzyme catalysing the following reaction: Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate + H2O + NAD+ → 3-phosphoglycerate + NADH + H+ What would the effect of this mutation have on this mutant yeast’s ability to grow under i) anaerobic conditions?