If money can be invested at 5% compounded annually, A.Accumulate $1,000 for 15 years. B. Discount the result of problem A for 10 years. C. Accumulate 1,000 for 5 years. Compare the results of B and C.
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- It is January 1 of year 0, and Merck is trying to determine whether to continue development of a new drug. The following information is relevant. You can assume that all cash flows occur at the ends of the respective years. Clinical trials (the trials where the drug is tested on humans) are equally likely to be completed in year 1 or 2. There is an 80% chance that clinical trials will succeed. If these trials fail, the FDA will not allow the drug to be marketed. The cost of clinical trials is assumed to follow a triangular distribution with best case 100 million, most likely case 150 million, and worst case 250 million. Clinical trial costs are incurred at the end of the year clinical trials are completed. If clinical trials succeed, the drug will be sold for five years, earning a profit of 6 per unit sold. If clinical trials succeed, a plant will be built during the same year trials are completed. The cost of the plant is assumed to follow a triangular distribution with best case 1 billion, most likely case 1.5 billion, and worst case 2.5 billion. The plant cost will be depreciated on a straight-line basis during the five years of sales. Sales begin the year after successful clinical trials. Of course, if the clinical trials fail, there are no sales. During the first year of sales, Merck believe sales will be between 100 million and 200 million units. Sales of 140 million units are assumed to be three times as likely as sales of 120 million units, and sales of 160 million units are assumed to be twice as likely as sales of 120 million units. Merck assumes that for years 2 to 5 that the drug is on the market, the growth rate will be the same each year. The annual growth in sales will be between 5% and 15%. There is a 25% chance that the annual growth will be 7% or less, a 50% chance that it will be 9% or less, and a 75% chance that it will be 12% or less. Cash flows are discounted 15% per year, and the tax rate is 40%. Use simulation to model Mercks situation. Based on the simulation output, would you recommend that Merck continue developing? Explain your reasoning. What are the three key drivers of the projects NPV? (Hint: The way the uncertainty about the first year sales is stated suggests using the General distribution, implemented with the RISKGENERAL function. Similarly, the way the uncertainty about the annual growth rate is stated suggests using the Cumul distribution, implemented with the RISKCUMUL function. Look these functions up in @RISKs online help.)Assume the demand for a companys drug Wozac during the current year is 50,000, and assume demand will grow at 5% a year. If the company builds a plant that can produce x units of Wozac per year, it will cost 16x. Each unit of Wozac is sold for 3. Each unit of Wozac produced incurs a variable production cost of 0.20. It costs 0.40 per year to operate a unit of capacity. Determine how large a Wozac plant the company should build to maximize its expected profit over the next 10 years.A project does not necessarily have a unique IRR. (Refer to the previous problem for more information on IRR.) Show that a project with the following cash flows has two IRRs: year 1, 20; year 2, 82; year 3, 60; year 4, 2. (Note: It can be shown that if the cash flow of a project changes sign only once, the project is guaranteed to have a unique IRR.)
- A martingale betting strategy works as follows. You begin with a certain amount of money and repeatedly play a game in which you have a 40% chance of winning any bet. In the first game, you bet 1. From then on, every time you win a bet, you bet 1 the next time. Each time you lose, you double your previous bet. Currently you have 63. Assuming you have unlimited credit, so that you can bet more money than you have, use simulation to estimate the profit or loss you will have after playing the game 50 times.5. If money can be invested at 5% compounded annually, A. Accumulate P1,000 for 15 years. B. Discount the result of problem A for 10 years. C. Accumulate P1,000 for 5 years. Compare the results of B and C.Explain why a business's liquidation value would be different from its going concern value. because the liquidation value contains the value of any real estate holdings, while the going concern value does not because the going concern value contains intangible, non- transferable assets like goodwill, while the liquidation value does not because the liquidation value includes the cost of the broker's commission, while the going concern value does not because the going concern value is calculated using replacement value, while the liquidation value is calculated using the cost method
- Explain why a business's liquidation value would be different from its going concern value. because the liquidation value includes the cost of the broker's commission, while the going concern value does not because the liquidation value contains the value of any real estate holdings, while the going concern value does not because the going concern value contains intangible, non-transferable assets like goodwill, while the liquidation value does not because the going concern value is calculated using replacement value, while the liquidation value is calculated using the cost method +Evaluate the following statements:S1. Any investment income of general borrowing is deducted from capitalizable borrowing cost.S2. If the asset is financed by specific borrowing but a portion is used for working capital purposes, the borrowing shall be treated as general borrowing in determining capitalizable borrowing cost. a.False, False b.False, True c.True, True d.True, FalseA lathe costs $56,000 and is expected to result in net cash inflows of $20,000 at the end of each year for three years and then have a market value of $10,000 at the end of the third year. The equipment could be leased for $22,000 a year, with the first payment due immediately. If the organization does not pay income taxes and its MARR is 10%, show whether the organization should lease or purchase the equipment.
- You have recently won the super jackpot in the WashingtonState Lottery. On reading the fine print, you discover that you have the following twooptions:a. You will receive 31 annual payments of $250,000, with the first payment beingdelivered today. The income will be taxed at a rate of 28 percent. Taxes will bewithheld when the checks are issued.b. You will receive $530,000 now, and you will not have to pay taxes on this amount.In addition, beginning one year from today, you will receive $200,000 each yearfor 30 years. The cash flows from this annuity will be taxed at 28 percent.Using a discount rate of 7 percent, which option should you select?Consider two equity market investors. The first investor is a hedge fund manager that relies on very active trading, and borrows from investment banks in order to leverage their investment. Their remuneration depends on total base fee earned by their fund as a percentage of net assets under management, plus a yearly bonus based on returns generated above a hurdle rate. The second investor is a high net-worth individual who is investing for their own retirement, which they anticipate to occur in 10 years or more. Identify three dimensions of risk that are likely to have significantly different impact on thesetwo investors. Explain the nature of the difference. Suggest aspects that each investor might monitor in order to control the risks most relevant to them.Barbara Flynn sells papers at a newspaper stand for $0.40. The papers cost her $0.30, giving her a $0.10 profit on each one she sells. From past experience Barbara knows that: a) 20% of the time she sells 150 papers. b) 20% of the time she sells 200 papers. c) 30% of the time she sells 250 papers. d) 30% of the time she sells 300 papers. Assuming that Barbara believes the cost of a lost sale to be $0.05 and any unsold papers cost her $0.30 and she orders 250 papers. Use the following random numbers: 14, 4, 13, 9, and 25 for simulating Barbara's profit. (Note: Assume the random number interval begins at 01 and ends at 00.) Based on the given probability distribution and the order size, for the given random number Barbara's sales and profit are (enter your responses for sales as integers and round all profit responses to two decimal places): Random Number Sales Profit 14 4 13 9 25