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Pathogenicity
Infection and Transmission
The infections are generated by the pathogenic organisms present in the environment. They maintain the capacity to invade a host body and establish colonies. A disease caused by such infectious agents is called a communicable disease or transmissible disease. These diseases spread through diverse means including blood, food, water, air, or vectors.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- 1- A. Define the term pathogen. In a table give the following information: B. Using MRSA, NOROVIRUS, ATHLETES FOOT and MALARIA as examples, identify the microorganisms (causal agent) involved in each disease. C. Provide some information on the microorganism for each disease e.g. structure D. How are these microorganisms transmitted from person to person. (200 words) 2.- In a paragraph explain A) What is resident flora? B) How might resident flora prevent infection AND cause infection? (150 words) 3 - In a paragraph describe Describe how the skin and mucous membranes play an integral role in helping the body protect itself against infection. (150 words)a. During which stages of an infectious disease does the host exhibit signs and symptoms? Is there a correlation between this and when a disease is communicable? b. Why are some viral diseases, like smallpox and polio, no longer seen in the United States? Why are many bacterial disease, like syphilis, no longer a death sentence? Think about how these two types of microbes infect humans. Why might we make an effort to treat viral diseases before infection but continue to treat bacterial diseases after infection? c. Based on the graph below, which pathogen is more virulent: Agent 1 or Agent 2? Explain. 100 Agent 1 LD5 = 400, Agent 2 LD50 = 600 25 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 Dose (organisms administered per animal) Percent mortality 7521)Which of the following sentences is NOT correct regarding the influenza virus: a)The influenza virus has complicated genetics mainly characterised by genetic reassortment amongst 8 genes b)The most important reservoir for highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus is domestic poultry c)Vaccine produced by inoculating chicken eggs requires, on average, three chicken eggs for a single dose of trivalent vaccine d)it is a contagious gastrointestinal illness which is responsible for seasonal flu epidemics each year, and causes mild to severe life-threatening illness e)The influenza virus is mainly controlled in special "risk" sectors by vaccination
- 1 - Define the term pathogen. a) Using MRSA, NOROVIRUS, ATHLETES FOOT and MALARIA as examples, identify the microorganisms (causal agent) involved in each disease. b)Provide some information on the microorganism for each disease e.g. structure C) Discuss 3 routes of entry that disease causing organisms use to enter the body.Define meningitis.Compare and contrast between bacterial and viral meningitis including treatment for each. What is a prion? Describe the impact prionshave on the human brain and discuss two prion-associated diseases in humans: What is a vector-borne (vector transmitted) disease? Give an example of a vector borne disease and the vector responsible for causing it:A.) What four factors must be present for an infection to spread? susceptible B.) What is the source of infection? C.) What are the main routes of transmission?
- Ch. 8: Which of the following is a FALSE statement about Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 infections? O a) once a person is infected, the virus remains in the body for the lifetime of the host Ob) HSV can enter a dormant state in the body for many years c) HSV can be transmitted from one person to another even in the absence of visible herpes sores d) infected individuals are often asymptomatic O e) transmission of HSV from a pregnant mother to her baby during birth is highly unlikely and not usually a concern1)What was the role of filtration in the discovery of viruses. 2) Imagine a new respiratory virus that spreads via contact, droplet, and airborne transmission and we have no medical measures to stop the infection. Outline public health measures (non-medical interventions that can reduce the spread of a disease) that can be taken to slow down the spread of this virus.Can Cytomegalovirus (CMV) release any toxicant? What I mean is if the virus perform any kind of chemical rection while inactive like when it is in the environment releasing toxins or when is active inside the host such as inside the human body?
- Which of the following is a possible result of viral infection in eukaryotic host cells? O 1) Syncytialization of host cells. O 2) Inclusion bodies within the cytoplasm. O 3) oncogenesis. O 4) Host cell death 5) All of the above1. Realize through computation the four form of the infectious disease: (i) Subclinical Form (ii) Acute Form with Recovery (iii) Acute Form with Lethal Outcome (iv) Chronic Form 2. From this model what is the simple model for Covid19 (corona) virus and how do you interpret. First 3 of the above mentioned 3 forms is applicable here. How do you realize through computation.1. What are the six components of the chain of infection? How does each component affect the cycle of the chain of infection? 2. Give a short list of the different ways on how to transmit a certain disease. Provide an example for each. 3. Why do you think proper handwashing is extremely important? 4. How are hazardous materials classified? What is NFPA and its functions?