How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP by F1F0-ATPase containing (a) 10 or (b) 15 c subunits?
Q: Under standard conditions, NADH reoxidation by the electron-transport chain has a free-energy change…
A: ADP + Pi → ATP G= + 30.66 KJ /mol By the electron transport chain, NADH reoxidation has a free…
Q: What is ATP-binding pocket
A: Adenosine triphosphate
Q: How do the three active sites of ATP synthase respond to the flow of protons?
A: ATP synthase is a rotatory motor enzyme present in complex V. This ATP synthase utilizes the proton…
Q: When hydrogen ions flow across the membrane through the molecular turbine (ATP synthase), is this…
A: Movements can be active or passive, active if they need energy and passive if they donot.
Q: а. Where do the hydrogen ions move from? Where do they move to? b. What causes the hydrogen ions to…
A: Chemiosmosis Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure,…
Q: Why is the removal of the third phosphate group from ATP highly exergonic?
A: Exergonic reactions are spontaneous reactions where the release of free energy takes place. and the…
Q: The remarkable properties that allow ATP synthase to run in either direction allow the…
A: The ATP synthetase is defined as a mitochondrial enzyme, present in the inner mitochondrial enzyme…
Q: What causes the rotation of the γ subunit of the ATP synthase? Howdoes this rotation promote ATP…
A: ATP synthase complexes are an essential component of the cell that are responsible for the proton…
Q: How many ATP's are formed per molecule of NADH and FADH2? How would a different number of subunits…
A: ATP also called adenosine tri phosphate is the energy currency of the cell and stores energy in the…
Q: How would an inhibitor of complex I of the ETC affect the activities of ATP Synthase, pyruvate…
A: Glucose is converted to pyruvate by glycolysis. Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate…
Q: Calculate the amount of ATP’s that will be formed during the oxidative phosphorylation process if:…
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of synthesis of ATP from the energy made available from…
Q: (a) Starting with one molecule of glucose, how many ATPs are produced during (I) aerobic and (II)…
A: Cellular respiration takes place in three stages, which are glycolysis (Ist stage), Krebs cycle…
Q: Consider a 24:1 △cis-9 fatty acid in the mitochondrion. For each fatty acid given, determine the…
A: Fatty acids are (-COOH)carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon chains from 4 to 36 carbon long. These can…
Q: If actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATP-ADP translocase, the…
A: ATP is the energy currency of the cell. It is produced via oxidative phosphorylation of ADP and Pi…
Q: How many ATP are made from one (1) molecule of glucose during anaerobic cellular respiration (AKA…
A: Anaerobic respiration is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen. It is the…
Q: What part of Complex V performs ATP synthesis?
A: Electron transport chain is concerned with synthesis of ATP. Electron transport chain is also known…
Q: Calculate the number of molecules of ATP formed by the complete catabolism of arachidic acid, C 20H…
A: Fatty acid oxidation is the aerobic process of breaking down a fatty acid into acetyl-CoA units.…
Q: What are the usual ionic forms of ATP and ADP in typical cells? Does this information have any…
A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…
Q: Why do the electrons carried by FADH2 result in less ATP production than those carried by NADH?
A: The energy emitted by the electron transport chain would ultimately be insufficient to pump protons…
Q: What would be the ATP yield per molecule of glucose in the muscle if glycogen were the source of the…
A: When the body runs out of glucose which is the most staple substrate for energy production, stored…
Q: Which enzyme deficiency is most likely to cause glycogen to be full of short, stubby branches…
A: Glycogen is storage form of glucose. Glycogen is composed of alpha-D glucose units held together by…
Q: What is the gross number of ATP molecule produced from one glucose molecule during aerobic…
A: The correct answer is 38 ATP molecules.
Q: How much ATP will be made if 34 molecules of glucose are run through the entire aerobic cellular…
A: Cellular Respiration: A set of metabolic reactions and processes that takes place in cells of…
Q: Briefly explain how Na+/K+ ATPase works?
A: The sodium-potassium pump is found in the plasma membrane of almost every human cell and is common…
Q: What is the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
A: Respiration is a process found in organisms which helps them make energy using food molecules.
Q: What is the compound that is phosphorylated for ATP formation? What is the resulting compound when…
A: All cells depend on the potential energy in ATP to power their activities. ATP is a type of…
Q: How are 36 ATP produced?
A: A metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. The reactants,…
Q: Suppose you synthesize an ATP synthase that was devoid of the y (gamma) subunit. How would the…
A: Oxidative phosphorylation - it is a process of ATP synthesis coupled with the movement of electrons…
Q: How would the ATP yield per glucose molecule be different if enzyme specificity forced FADH2 to be…
A: If enzyme specificity forced FADH2 to be used in place of NADH, then all the NADH molecules will be…
Q: Describe the experimental evidence which supports the rotational motion of the y- and e-subunits of…
A: Describe the experimental evidence which supports the rotational motion of the gamma and e-subunits…
Q: What is the immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP Synthase during oxidative…
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of…
Q: How many ATP are produced from the complete degradation of G3P using glycerol- three phosphate…
A: The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is a mechanism that regenerates NAD+ from NADH that is a by-product…
Q: When rotenone is added to actively respiring mitochondria,the ratio of NADH to NAD+ increases, but…
A: Rotenone is an odorless, crystalline isoflavone used as broad spectrum insecticide, pesticide, and…
Q: What causes the c subunits of ATP synthase to rotate? What determines the direction of rotation?
A: As the Y and subunits are initially attached to the C subunit, the rotation of the ankal stalk is…
Q: If actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATPADP translocase, the…
A: Introduction ATP-ADP translocase is a transport protein that acts as an antiporter of ATP and ADP.…
Q: How many ATPs are synthesized for every cytoplasmic NADH that participates in the glycerophosphate…
A: The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is a mechanism that regenerates NAD+ from NADH, a by-product of…
Q: in the absence of a proton gradient, ATP synthase rotates in reverse. Based upon your knowledge of…
A: In case of metabolic control, inner mitochondrial membrane has to remain impermeable to protons. In…
Q: How many protons would be pumped across Complex l if three molecules of NADH were fully oxidized at…
A: Introduction An electron transport chain is a collection of protein complexes and other molecules…
Q: f an ATP Synthase complex had 16 c-subunits in the c-ring, how many ATPs will be made from a single…
A: Start by letting n = number of c =16 Molecules acetyl coAproduced by using this round = n/2 =16/2…
Q: Explain in detail why fast-twitch fibers will use anaerobic respiration rather than aerobic…
A: Fast-twitch fibers are used for rapid bursts or intense movements while slow-twitch fibers are used…
Q: Under some conditions, mitochondrial ATP synthase has been observed to actually run in reverse. How…
A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is the final stage of aerobic cellular respiration. During the…
Q: Describe the basic structure of the ATP synthase.
A: ATP synthase is an enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic…
Q: What should be the net yield of ATP in glycolysis when endogenous glycogen is used? Give answer as a…
A: In the human body, blood glucose is considered the sugar content in the bloodstream, which is being…
Q: How do the ATP mass action ratio and the IF1 protein regulate ATP synthesis?
A: ATP mass action refers to the ration between ATP and ADP+ inorganic phosphate. Usually this ratio…
Q: What are the catalytic subunits of F1 particle of ATP synthase?
A: Adenosine triphosphate synthase is a protein that catalyses the synthesis of the energy storage…
Q: Why are ATPases hydrolases? Aren’t they also transferases as they move the phosphate group onto the…
A: Hydrolases: it is a group of enzymes which required the water molecules for the break down of…
Q: What is the total output of ATP, aerobically, in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
A: Aerobic respiration is said to the cellular respiration process that involves oxygen for the…
How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP by F1F0-ATPase containing (a) 10 or (b) 15 c subunits?
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- What is the effect of the mutation on succinate-coupled ATP synthesis?V-class proton pumps run backward relative to the F-class ATP synthase. Consider the cartoon, which shows the conformations of the beta-subunits and ATPIADP + Pj of the F-class synthase. Which of the following associations between the conformation of the beta subunit and ATP/ADP + P¡ is correct for V- Binding Change Mechanism loose binding ADP+P ATP ATP class pumps? C repeat ADP + P, ADP АТР tight binding АТР +P оpen АТР O The open conformation releases ATP. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + P¡ drives the change from tight to loose. O Binding of ADP + P¡ drives change from open to loose. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pj drives the change from open to loose.Discuss the composition of the transition state for the formation of ATP by ATP Synthase. a) Where is the active site for this enzyme located? b) How are the amino acid side chains from the α and β subunits of ATP Synthase involved? c) Discuss the importance of Mg+2 in the mechanism of this enzyme.
- Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate concentration is about 10 mM. If ADP is five times more abundant than AMP,calculate the molar concentrations of ADP and AMP at an energy charge of 0.85. Calculate ∆G for ATP hydrolysis at 37 °C under these conditions.The energy charge is the concentration of ATP plus half the concentration of ADP divided by the total adenine nucleotide concentration.How many net ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3 BPG) in a neuron?Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate concentration is about 10 mM. If ADP is five times more abundant than AMP, calculate the molar concentrations of ADP and AMP at an energy charge of 0.85. Calculate AG for ATP hydrolysis at 37 °C under these condi- tions. The energy charge is the concentration of ATP plus half the concen- tration of ADP divided by the total adenine nucleotide concentration: [ATP] + 1/2[ADP] [ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]
- A 65-year-old man with severe atherosclerotic coronary artery disease comes to the emergency department because of a 12-hour history of chest pain. Plasma activity of the MB isozyme of creatine kinase (MB-CK) is markedly increased. Which of the following processes is the most likely explanation for the increased plasma MB-CK? (A) Cell membrane damage (B) Endoplasmic reticulum dilation (C) Mitochondrial swelling (D) Polysome dissociation (E) Sodium pump dysfunctionSkeletal muscle can store energy in the form of phosphocreatine, which is able to regenerate ATP. In relation to this, answer all of the following: (Show all your work for each part) a) Use your knowledge of bioenergentics to show why this statement is true. b) What is K¢eq for the overall reaction? c) Drawbiochemicalstructuresfortheoverallreaction. d) If the steady-state concentrations of phosphocreatine and creatine in a myocyte (muscle cell) are 1 uM and 129 uM, respectively, what will be the ratio of [ATP]/[ADP], assuming the creatine kinase reaction is at equilibrium?When pure reduced cytochrome c is added to carefully prepared mitochondria along with ADP, Pi, antimycin A, and oxygen, the cytochrome c becomes oxidized, and ATP is formed, with a P/O ratio approaching 1.0.(a) Indicate the probable flow of electrons in this system.(b) Why was antimycin A added?(c) What does this experiment tell you about the location of coupling sitesfor oxidative phosphorylation?(d) Write a balanced equation for the overall reaction (including cyt c oxidation and ATP synthesis).(e) Calculate ΔG°′ for the above reaction, using E′0 values from Table 14.1and a ΔG°′ value for ATP hydrolysis of -32.2 kJ/mol.