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Q: What is the mechanism of water reabsorption, and how is it coupled to Na1 reabsorption?
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Q: Briefly explain the role of the proximal convoluted tubule
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Q: What function does the distal tubule?
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Q: how is glucose reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?
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Q: Define Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT).
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How is the permeability of the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting tubule controlled for regulating the water content inside the body?
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- Why is excretion important in order to achieve osmotic balance?During the maximal water diuresis, the ratio of the tubular fluid to plasma osmolarity is greater than 1.0 in which of the following? (A) The bend of the loop of Henle (B). Bowman Space (C) The collecting duct (D) The distal renal tubule (E) The proximal convoluted renal tubuleThe process of hydrogen ion secretion in the proximal convoluted tubule occurs via which of the following mechanisms? Choose from the following: (A) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule, through extracellular fluid and into the peritubular blood (B) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from peritubular capillary blood; undergoes a chemical reaction to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ion diffuses into the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule (C) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the peritubular capillary blood, through extracellular fluid and into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule (D) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from the glomerular filtrate; undergoes a chemical reacdtion to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ions diffuse into the peritubular blood
- In the proximal tubule, the reabsorption of Na+, amino acids, and glucose causes (before water moves): Decreased osmolarity of the tubular fluid but increased osmolarity of the interstitial fluid Decreased osmolarity of the tubular fluid and interstitial fluid O Increased osmolarity of the tubular fluid but decreased osmolarity of the interstitial fluid O Increased osmolarity of the tubular fluid and the interstitial fluid No changes in osmolarityat the proximal convoluted tubule which of the following are required for glucose, amino acid and vitamin reabsorption? Na+ - K+ pump, Na+, Co- transporters, or all of these.Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced in the pituitary gland and regulates the body's fluid volume and osmolality by affecting the number of active aquaporins (water channels) in the proximal tubules and the collecting duct. But what is it, above all, that drives the filtrate out of the tubules? a) Osmotic pressure formed depending on the composition of the filtrate b) Osmotic gradient in the medullary (kidney marrow) c) Hydrostatic pressure from the filtrate in tubules d) Blood pressure in the capillary
- 1) What substances are reabsorbed from the tubules by active reabsorption and what substances by diffusion? 2) What substances are actively secreted by the tubules, and in what parts of the tubules are these substances secreted?Identify the two types of specialized epithelial cells found within distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules and ducts.How is glucose reabsorbed across the two membranes of the tubule cells?
- This diagram illustrates which of the following Choose from the following: (A) secretion of hydrogen via Na+/H+ exchange ions by the proximal convoluted tubule (B) reabsorption of bicarbonate ions by intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct (C) secretion of H+ by H+K+/ATPase pumps in the intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct (D) A and B (E) all of the aboveWhat adaptations do tubule cells have for reabsorption?Explain the mechanisms of Na+ reabsorption in the proximal, ascending limb and distal convoluted tubule. Explain the importance of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump in the process of Na+ and water reabsorption