How do light and matter interact? There are 4 ways: Emission, Absorption, Transmission (transparent objects transmit light. Opaque objects block/absorb light), and Reflection/scattering What are the main/basic definitions and differences of these in reference to interactions of light with matter?

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How do light and matter interact?

There are 4 ways:

Emission, Absorption, Transmission (transparent objects transmit light. Opaque objects block/absorb light), and Reflection/scattering

What are the main/basic definitions and differences of these in reference to interactions of light with matter?

My professor had given an example using a picture that had a house, a man standing in it with furniture, snow outside, a tree, and the sun. He pointed out the different colors and how they related to these terms but he was very quick and I don't  feel like I understand how each of these things can be distinguished. 

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