how could deacetylation of proteins by sirtuins counteract the "information loss" seen in aging cells? a gene in a mammal with a promoter region that contains 5 CpGs per 100 nucleotides. What type of gene is that

how could deacetylation of proteins by sirtuins counteract the "information loss" seen in aging cells? a gene in a mammal with a promoter region that contains 5 CpGs per 100 nucleotides. What type of gene is that

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Description: how could deacetylation of proteins by sirtuins counteract the "information loss" seen in aging cells?a gene in a mammal with a promoter region that contains 5 CpGs per 100 nucleotides. What type of gene is that

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter14: Gene Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TYU: Through alternative splicing, eukaryotes (a) reinforce gene inactivation (b) prevent transcription...

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In 3-4 sentences eachExplain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription. Explain the difference between an activator and a repressor? Explain the difference between a promoter and an enhancer? Explain the difference between an intron and an exon? Explain what happens when eIF-2 is phosphorylated and when it is not phosphorylated?
What role does an operator sequence serve in bacterial gene expression regulation? Describe one change in bacterial cells that can cause a repressor protein to go from inactive to active or from active to inactive.
Hemophilia in the Russian royal family was caused by defective protein involved in blood clotting (factor IX). This defective protein was caused by a mutation that altered the splicing of the exons. This genetic change in the splicing pattern created a new stop codon in the mRNA for factor IX. Is it likely that the mutation has altered at least one base at the exon-intron boundary in the wild-type pre-mRNA? Why or why not?
What are the functions of transcriptional activator proteins and repressor proteins? Explain how they work at the molecular level.
The interphase nucleus is a highly structured organelle with chromosome territories, interchromatin compartments, and transcription factories. In cultured human cells, researchers have identified approximately 8000 transcription factories per cell, each containing an average of eight tightly associated RNAP II molecules actively transcribing RNA. If each RNAP II molecule is transcribing a different gene, how might such a transcription factory appear? Provide a simple diagram that shows eight different genes being transcribed in a transcription factory and include the promoters, structural genes, and nascent transcripts in your presentation.
CD3 is a signaling protein that is typically found only in the plasma membrane of immune system T lymphocytes. CD3 is composed of several different polypeptides, including a gamma chain, CD3γ. Scientists analyzed the promoter of the CD3γ chain gene for regulatory sequences that might have positive or negative effects on expression of the gene. The scientists cloned fragments of the CD3γ gene that included the first transcribed nucleotides plus up to 789 nucleotides of upstream regulatory sequences into plasmids in which the gene for the firefly enzyme luciferase immediately follows the fragments. The plasmids were then introduced into a line of T lymphocytes (Figure 1), and the cells were allowed to grow for a short while. Because the regulatory sequences of the CD3γ gene immediately precede the luciferase gene in the plasmids, the activity, either positive or negative, of the regulatory sequences affected the amount of luciferase gene expression by the T lymphocytes. Luciferase…
siRNAs are used to “knockdown” gene expression in research. Imagine you are a scientist who hopes to study several genes related to cancer. Select all the scenarios you will be able to successfully use RNA interference with the use of siRNAs (select all that apply): Group of answer choices Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to core promoter regions (e.g. TATA box) of tumor suppressor genes Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to the regulatory promoter regions (e.g. enhancers) of tumor suppressor genes Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to any region of the processed mRNA Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to the 5’ UTR of the processed mRNA Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to the 3’ UTR of the processed mRNA Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to sites where the histone acetyl transferase will acetylate the histones Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to where the start…
You are teaching a class on the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. In order to demonstrate this complex process, you decide to draw for the class a typical eukaryotic gene/transcription unit with its major regions, such as the promoter regions, where the RNA polymerase II and transcription factors would bind From the list given - choose all components that you think are part of a typical eukaryotic gene From the list given - choose all the regulatory sequences that you think would control the expression of this eukaryotic gene From the list given - choose all of the regulatory proteins that would bind the eukaryotic gene to control its expression
Which statement is correct about expression of a gene regulated by Gal4? O Galactose increases gene expression by inhibiting Gal80 O Galactose increases gene expression by binding Gal4 O Galactose decreases gene expression by binding RNA polymerase O Gal4 binds to the promoter O Gal80 binds to the promoter
IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to occur in more than 95% of multi-exon genes. Which of the following is not an evolutionary advantage of alternative splicing? Alternative splicing increases diversity without increasing genome size Different gene isoforms can be expressed in different tissues Alternative splicing creates shorter mRNA transcripts Different gene isoforms can be expressed during different stages of development.
Through alternative splicing, eukaryotes (a) reinforce gene inactivation (b) prevent transcription of heterochromatin (c) produce related but different proteins in different tissues (d) amplify genes to meet the requirement of high levels of a gene product (e) bind transcription factors to enhancers to activate transcription
Several research studies are under way that involve the use of genetherapies to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Oncogenes are mutant genes that are overexpressed and cause cancer. New gene therapies are aimed at silencing oncogenes by producing antisense RNA that recognizes the mRNAtranscribed from oncogenes. Based on your understanding of antisense RNA , explain how this strategy would prevent the growth of cancer cells.