Here is another realistic scenario. Consider the above graph that shows demand for excess reserves by the banking system as a whole. The discount rate is 4.5 percent and the Fed pays an interest of 1.50 percent on excess reserves. Currently banks as a whole are holding an excess reserve of $110 billion. If demand for reserves decreases by $20 billion, the equilibrium fed fuds rate will equal percent.

Here is another realistic scenario. Consider the above graph that shows demand for excess reserves by the banking system as a whole. The discount rate is 4.5 percent and the Fed pays an interest of 1.50 percent on excess reserves. Currently banks as a whole are holding an excess reserve of $110 billion. If demand for reserves decreases by $20 billion, the equilibrium fed fuds rate will equal percent.

Economics Today and Tomorrow, Student Edition

1st Edition

ISBN:9780078747663

Author:McGraw-Hill

Publisher:McGraw-Hill

Chapter10: Financing And Producing Goods

Section10.2: Types Of Financing For Business Operations

Problem 1R

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Federal Funds Rate 7.0% 6.5% 6.0% 5.5% 5.0% 4.5% 4.0% 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70 $80 $90 $100 $110 $120 $130 $140 $150 $160 Bank Excess Reserves ($Billion) Here is another realistic scenario. Consider the above graph that shows demand for excess reserves by the banking system as a whole. The discount rate is 4.5 percent and the Fed pays an interest of 1.50 percent on excess reserves. Currently banks as a whole are holding an excess reserve of $70 billion. Suppose that as a result of a long and deep recession (such as the one occurred in 2007-08), the Fed has been increasing the supply of reserves in order to reduce the fed funds rate. As a result, currently the supply of reserves stands at $110 billion. The Fed wants to reduce the fed funds rate further to only 0.50 percent. Can it accomplish this goal through an additional open market purchase? If the Fed increases the supply of reserves by an additional $20 billion, the equilibrium fed…
7.0% 6.5% 6.0% 5.5% 5.0% 4.5% 4.0% 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% LL 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70 $80 $90 $100 $110 $120 $130 $140 $150 $160 Bank Excess Reserves ($Billion) The model of the federal funds market that we have learned is sometimes called the corridor model. This is because, in this model the equilibrium fed funds rate fluctuates between the discount rate and the interest on reserves. This gives the Fed a tool to control the fluctuations in the equilibrium fed funds rate. Let's see how. Assume that the supply of federal funds equals $70 billion. Suppose that currently the discount rate is 4.5 percent and the interest on reserves equals 1.5 percent. In this case, if demand for reserves increases by $40 billion dollars, the equilibrium fed funds rate will increase to percent, and if it decreases by $40 billion, the equilibrium fed funds rate will decrease to percent. Now suppose the Fed wants to reduce the fluctuations in the equilibrium fed funds rate. So it…
7.0% 6.5% 6.0% 5.5% 5.0% 4.5% 4.0% 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% LL 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70 $80 $90 $100 $110 $120 $130 $140 $150 $160 Bank Excess Reserves ($Billion) Consider the above graph that shows demand for excess reserves by the banking system as a whole. The discount rate is 4.5 percent and the Fed pays an interest of 1.50 percent on excess reserves. Currently banks as a whole are holding an excess reserve of $70 billion. This means that the equilibrium fed funds rate is 0.03 percent. Suppose that demand for excess reserves by the banking system increases by $20 billion (banks collectively want to hold $20 billion more excess reserves). In that case, the equilibrium fed funds rate will increase to 0.02 percent. Suppose that demand for excess reserves by the banking system increases by another $20 billion (now demand has increased by a total of $40 billion). In that case, the equilibrium fed funds rate will increase to 0.01 percent. Federal Funds Rate
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