> 8. Detailed calculations show that the value of Zeff for the outermost electrons in Si and Cl atoms is +4.285 and +6.116 respectively. What value do you estimate for Zeff for these two atoms using simplified rules that assume core electrons are 100% efficient at screening and valence electrons do no screening at all?

> 8. Detailed calculations show that the value of Zeff for the outermost electrons in Si and Cl atoms is +4.285 and +6.116 respectively. What value do you estimate for Zeff for these two atoms using simplified rules that assume core electrons are 100% efficient at screening and valence electrons do no screening at all?

Principles of Modern Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079113

Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Chapter5: Quantum Mechanics And Atomic Structure

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 55AP: The outermost electron in an alkali-metal atom is sometimes described as resembling an electron in...

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The outermost electron in an alkali-metal atom is sometimes described as resembling an electron in the corresponding state of a one-electron atom. Compare the first ionization energy of lithium with the binding energy of a 2s electron in a one-electron atom that has nuclear charge Zeff , and determine the value of Zeff that is necessary for the two energies to agree. Repeat the calculation for the 3s electron of sodium and the 4s electron of potassium.
The changes in electron affinity as one goes down a group in the periodic table are not nearly as large as the variations in ionization energies. Why?
In defining the sizes of orbitals, why must we use an arbitrary value, such as 90% of the probability of finding an electron in that region?
The first ionization energy of helium is 2370kJmol1 , the highest for any element. (a) Define ionization energy and discuss why for helium it should be so high. (b) Which element would you expect to have the highest second ionization energy? Why? (c) Suppose that you wished to ionize some helium by shining electromagnetic radiation on it. What is the maximum wavelength you could use?
Until recently, it was thought that Ca was unstable, and that the Ca atom therefore had a negative electron affinity. Some new experiments have now measured an electron affinity of +2.0kJmol1 for calcium. What is the longest wavelength of light that could remove an electron from Ca ? In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this light fall?
One bit of evidence that the quantum mechanical model is correct lies in the magnetic properties of matter. Atoms with unpaired electrons are attracted by magnetic fields and thus are said to exhibit pararamagnetism. The degree to which this effect is observed is directly related to the number of unpaired electrons present in the atom. Consider the ground-state electron configurations for Li, N, Ni, Te, Ba, and Hg. Which of these atoms would be expected to be paramagnetic, and how many unpaired electrons are present in each paramagnetic atom?