Given: A steel rod (A= 150 mm?) is stretched between two fixed points with a tensile load of 5000 N at 20°C. a.) What will be the stress at -20°C? b.) At what temperature will the stress be zero? Assume a = 11.7 µm/m°C, and E = 200 Gpa
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- The rails of a railroad track are welded together at their ends (to form continuous rails and thus eliminate the clacking sound of the wheels) when the temperature is 60°F. What compressive stress ?? =6.5×10-6 /? is produced in the rails when they are heated by the sun to 120"F if the coefficient of thermal expansion a = the modulus of elasticity E = 30 × 106 psi?A high-strength steel bar used in a large crane has a diameter d = 2.00 in. (sec figure). The steel has a modulus of elasticity E = 29 × 10 psi and Poisson’s ratio is v = 0.29. Because of clearance requirements, the diameter of the bar is limited to 2.001 in. when it is compressed by axial forces. What is the largest compressive load Pmaxthat is permitted?A spherical steel pressure vessel (diameter 500 mm, thickness 10 mm) is coated with brittle lacquer that cracks when the strain reaches 150 X 10~ (see figure). (a) What internal pressure p will cause the lacquer to develop cracks? (Assume E = 205 GPa and v = 0.30.) (b) If the strain is measured at 125 x 10-6, what is the internal pressure at that point?
- A hollow, circular, cast-iron pipe (Ec =12,000 ksi) supports a brass rod (Ec= 14,000 ksi} and weight W — 2 kips, as shown. The outside diameter of the pipe is dc= 6 in. (a) If the allowable compressive stress in the pipe is S00O psi and the allowable shortening of the pipe is 0.02 in., what is the minimum required wall thickness trmm? (Include the weights of the rod and steel cap in your calculations.) (b) What is the elongation of the brass rod Srdue to both load Wand its own weight? (c) What is the minimum required clearance h?An aluminum bar has length L = 6 ft and diameter d = 1.375 in. The stress-strain curse for the aluminum is shown in Fig. 1.34. The initial straight, line part of the curve has a slope (modulus of elasticity) of 10.6 × 106 psi. The bar is loaded by tensile forces P = 44.6 k and then unloaded. (a) That is the permanent set of the bar? (b) If the bar is reloaded. what is the proportional limit? hint: Use the concepts illustrated in Figs. l.39b and 1.40.A steel cable with a nominal diameter of 25 mm (see Table 2-1) is used in a construction yard to lift a bridge section weighing 38 kN. as shown in the figure. The cable has an effective modulus of elasticity E = 140 GPa. (a) If the cable is 14 m long, how much will it stretch when the load is picked up? (b) If the cable is rated for a maximum load of 70 kN, that is the factor of safety with respect to failure of the cable?
- A round bar of 10 mm diameter is made of aluminum alloy 7075-T6 (see figure). When the bar is stretched by axial forces P, its diameter decreases by 0.0 16 mm. Find the magnitude of the load P. Obtain the material properties from Appendix 1.A prismatic bar of length L = 1.8 m and cross-sectional area A = 480 mm" is loaded by forces P{= 30 kN and A = 60 kN (see figure) The bar is constructed of magnesium alloy having a stress-strain curve described by the Ram berg-Osgood equation: 45.000 618 UW id which u has units of mega pascals (MPa). (a) Calculate the displacement 8t- of the end of the bar when the load P:acts alone. (b) Calculate the displacement when the load P, acts alone. (c) Calculate the displacement when both loads act simultaneously.An elastomeric bearing pad consisting of two steel plates bonded to a chloroprene elastomer (an artificial rubber) is subjected to a shear force V during a static loading test (see figure). The pad has dimensions a = 125 mm and b = 240 mm, and the elastomer has a thickness t = 50 mm. When the Force V equals 12 kN, the top plate is found to have displaced laterally S.O mm with respect to the bottom plate. What is the shear modulus of elasticity G of the chloroprene?
- A two-story building has steel columns AB in the first floor and BC in the second floor, as shown in the figure. The roof load P:equals 400 KN, and the second-floor load P-, equals 720 kN. Each column has a length L = 3.75 m. The cross-sectional areas of the first- and second-floor columns are 11,000 mm" and 3900 mm", respectively. (a) Assuming that E = 206 GPa. determine the total shortenings aof the two columns due to the combined action of the loads Ptand P,. (b) How much additional load P0can be placed at t he top of t he column (point C) if t he total shortening: SACis not to exceed 4.0 mm?A bar of monel metal with a length L = 9 in. and a diameter d = 0225 in. is loaded axially by a tensile force P (see figure). If the bar elongates by 0.0)95 in., what is the decrease in diameterA steel wire- and an aluminum allay wire have equal lengths, and support equal loads P (see figure). The moduli of elasticity for the steel and aluminum alloy are Ea= 30,000 ksi and Ea= 11,000 ksi, respectively. (a) IF the wires have the same diameters, what is the ratio of the elongation of the aluminum alloy wire to the elongation of the steel wire? (b) If the wires stretch the same amount, what is the ratio of the diameter of the aluminum alloy wire to the diameter of the steel wire? (c) If the wires have the same diameters and same load P, what is the ratio of the initial length of the aluminum alloy wire to that of the steel wire if the aluminum alloy wire stretches 1.5 limes that of the steel wire? (d) If the wires have the same diameters, same initial length, and same load P. what is the material of the upper wire if it elongates 1.7 times that of the steel wire?