Generation All geneticists who study human inheritance use a standard set of symbols in pedigrees: • Roman numerals identify different generations 1 3 4 • Circles represent females; squares represent males • Open symbols (blue here) represent unaffected individuals; filled symbols (red here) represent affected individuals II • Numbers listed below the symbols identify individuals of a given generation 2 III 1 2 3 4 5 6 Female Male Unaffected Affected liieuel dliuiduel
Q: why is there a need to maintain a hot temperature in separating the supernatant liquid containing…
A: Silver, Mercury and and lead ions are cations that form precipitates upon reaction with Chloride.…
Q: What are 3 characteristics that all types of connective tissue share?
A: Three man characteristics of connective tissue 1. Connective tissue are mesodermal in origin 2.…
Q: 3 Common Databases on Protein Study (Peptide Sequence to Structural Analysis).A tool provided before…
A: Proteins are biological molecules that are large and they are found in all living organisms…
Q: Link each cell phase to the event that occurs within it.
A: A cell division in the existing cells forms new cells.
Q: In tabular form, summarize the Similarities in the different movements across the cell membrane. —…
A: The plasma membrane is semi-permeable, allowing only certain molecules to pass through. Molecules…
Q: why do patients with von Gierke disease are still able to perform glycolysis given…
A: Introduction A cytoplasmic mechanism called glycolysis converts glucose into two molecules with…
Q: How did the diverse feeding appendages of arthropods arise?
A: There are some important features of Arthropods. Which are as follows: They are jointed appendages.…
Q: Are Viruses Living Organisms?What is your opionion of this topic
A: Microbiology is the science of microbes. Microorganisms aid in the creation of various foods,…
Q: Explain each of these properties of water, and describe how each is conferred by the dipolar nature…
A: Water is the primary component of the Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living things.…
Q: The cells shown in the image are from a rare species of plant and illustrate different stages of…
A: Cell division is of two types- meiosis and mitosis. Cell division is a process by which a parent…
Q: what are the ways on how protozoans eat?
A: Protozoans are eukaryotes with a single cell lacking cell walls. They consume both organic materials…
Q: From the experiment, what are the approximate optimal temperatures of organisms A-D? Please report…
A: Incubation Maintenance of temperature and humidity for maximum possible growth of organisms.
Q: Why are most marine photosynthesizers unicellular?
A: Introduction: A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is a single-celled…
Q: List 3 different antibody isolation methods and give a brief description of each.
A: Antibody isolation is mainly necessary for diagnosis purposes. The antigen i.e., pathogen evoke the…
Q: 12
A: There are two muscles namely called external and internal intercostal muscle. These muscles are…
Q: Scenario 1 Mortality Rate: __10_____________________ Generation 0 (start) 50 100 150…
A: Hardy Weinberg’s principle is the mathematical representation of population analysis which…
Q: How does this zebrafish model improve the ability to study potential remedies for this type of…
A: Zebrafish is a freshwater fish and is the main aquarium fish which is sold under the name of Zebra…
Q: The patient has significantly increased daily urine output. The disadvantag of secretion of the…
A: Hypothalamus plays an important role in hormone production and stimulates many processes in body. It…
Q: List five proteins of the myofilaments
A: Myofilaments The functional unit of muscles are the myofibril . It contains the contractile unit…
Q: please explain
A: Introduction: A membrane's voltage varies rapidly in a series known as action potentials. The…
Q: 2. What happens to the potato yield per hectare as more potassium is added to the soil? 3.…
A: Please note, keeping with the site regulations and in order to give a detailed answer, the answers…
Q: Mendel's law of independent assortment applies to both unlinked and linked loci. True False
A: Mendel's Law of Independent assortment states that the segregation of one pair of allele is…
Q: Little ATP is produced during initial breakdown of macromolecules that occurs in the gut.
A: ATP or the adenosine triphosphate is the chemical energy storage molecule that stores the chemical…
Q: Describe the way in which the female hormones GnRH, FSH, LH, and oestrogen interact during the…
A: The biological process of reproduction is how a new, unique organism is created from its parents.…
Q: Explain the difference between loose and dense connective tissues.
A: Animals have a variety of organ systems throughout their bodies. Organs that are two or more in…
Q: Assume you are able to use CRISPR to create an allele that will convert a cross-pollinated, sexually…
A: CRISPR is a powerful new tool that can be used to edit the genomes of living organisms. One…
Q: The structure of DNA provides a mechanism for storing and transmitting cellular information all are…
A: DNA's genetic code encodes the amino acid sequences required to generate a cell's proteins. A…
Q: Assume performing only one cross, which produced 274 flies, which consisted of 193 wild-type flies…
A: In fruit flies, red eye is dominant over the white eye. Eye colour is a sex-linked trait in fruit…
Q: Which of the following is a non-temperature-related effect of a well-designed warm-up? lowered…
A: Warming up is primarily used to optimise performance by inducing both temperature-related and…
Q: Many biochemical reactions proceed slowly unless the energy barrier to the reaction is lowered. How…
A: Reactions with a high energy barrier are generally slow. The reactions with a low energy barrier are…
Q: Identify the blood vessels on a model or chart. Glomerulus Blood supply of the nephron 10 11 12 13
A: The path of blood flow in the kidney is depicted in the model above. Glomerulus is the filtering…
Q: If the skin cells of house cats contain 38 homologous pairs of chromosomes, how many chromosomes are…
A: Chromosomes are thread-like structures that carry genes.
Q: 6. Compare the size and shape of plant and animal cells. 7. Compare the size of plant and animal…
A: Answer 6 : the difference betweeen plant and animal cells are : 1) plant cell have a specific shape…
Q: why dp patients with von Gierke disease suffer from hypertrophy of the liver due to excess glycogen…
A: Introduction :- In Von Gierke disease, the body is unable to break down glycogen. The muscles and…
Q: Explain the characteristics and the mechanism of the secondary active transport then compare and…
A: Introduction All higher species, including plants, animals, and people, engage in transportation as…
Q: Do you think society in the period of Darwin's theory of evolution was different from society in the…
A: Modern life has been radically altered by science and science-based technologies. Significant…
Q: al • chorion • chorionic villi decidua basalis • fetal blood vessels • umbilical arteries •…
A: The branch of science that deals with the development and growth of animals and plant are known as…
Q: Describe the key differences and similarities in the sporophytes of vascular land plants in…
A: These plants can develop into tree-like structures because their vascular tissues have the capacity…
Q: Tree rings are caused by: Variation in the size of companion cells Variation in the size of sieve…
A: Explanation: Tree rings can be caused by a number of factors, including variations in the size…
Q: What is the combination of an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient called? a. potential…
A: The plasma membrane is a semi-permeable, selective membrane. Only a few molecules, depending on…
Q: What are the common causes of and clinical findings in functional and mechanical bowel obstructions?
A: Small bowel obstructions fall into two categories: functional — no physical blockage, but bowels…
Q: QUESTION 2 In a typical member of Polypodiopsida, the O antheridia and archegonia are both formed on…
A: The member of polypodiopsida is commonly known as ferns. It default from other classes in having…
Q: What is the function for telomerase, a reverse transcriptase? O to recognize the tip of an existing…
A: The production of new DNA from old DNA is known as DNA replication that occurs within the S-phase of…
Q: 3. Are animal cells and plant cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic? Why do you say so? 4. What structures…
A: Prokaryotic cell is that cell which does not have true nucleus or membrane bound organelles.…
Q: How did the diverse feeding appendages of arthropods arise?
A: Arthopods are invertebrate animals having an exoskeleton, a segmented body and paired jointed…
Q: objects that exhibit patterns in nature
A:
Q: Given the following complementation chart for holes in Monstera, give me the biochemical (phenotype)…
A: When the normal phenotype is restored by the complementation effect of the two mutants, then it is…
Q: If the starting frequency of AA is 0.7, what is the frequency of the a allele? Review the Hardy-…
A: An allele is a variation of a gene, and different allele combinations for the same gene result in…
Q: Correct answer
A: Tissues refer to the group of cells that performs specific functions associated with the region to…
Q: How does population density affect the physiology and behavior of organisms?
A: In nature, there are various constraints on population number and expansion. Some are depending on…
Q1: Which two children in this pedigree have cystic fibrosis? How do you know? Q2: Does either parent of these two children have cystic fibrosis? If so, which one(s)? How do you know? Q3: Do any of the grandparents of these two children have cystic fibrosis? If so, which one(s)? How do you know?
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. If Sarah carries the mutant cancer allele and Adam carries the mutant heart disease allele, what is the chance that they would have a child who is free of both diseases? Are these good odds?
- The Online Mendelian Inheritancein Man (OMIM) databaseis a catalog of human genesand human disorders that are inheritedin a Mendelian manner. Genetic disordersthat arise from major chromosomalaberrations, such as monosomyor trisomy(the loss of a chromosome orthe presence of a superfluous chromosome,respectively), are not included.The OMIM database, updated daily, is aversion of the book Mendelian Inheritancein Man, conceived and edited by Dr. VictorMcKusick of Johns Hopkins University,until he passed in 2008.The OMIM entries provide links to awealth of information, including DNAand protein sequences, chromosomalmaps, disease descriptions, and relevantscientific publications. In this exercise,you will explore OMIM to answer questionsabout the recessive human diseasesickle-cell anemia and other Mendelianinherited disorders.Exercise I – Sickle-Cell AnemiaIn this chapter, you were introduced torecessive and dominant human traits.You will now discover more about sicklecellanemia as an…For Mendelian inheritance, the nuclear genotype (i.e., the allelesfound on chromosomes in the cell nucleus) directly influences anoffspring’s traits. In contrast, for non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, the offspring’s phenotype cannot be reliably predicted solelyfrom its genotype. For the following traits, what do you need toknow to predict the phenotypic outcome?A. Dwarfism due to a mutant Igf2 alleleB. Snail coiling directionC. Leber hereditary optic neuropathyA woman who sought genetic counseling is found to be heterozygousfor a chromosomal rearrangement between the second andthird chromosomes. Her chromosomes, compared to those in anormal karyotype, are diagrammed on the next page:(a) This woman is phenotypically normal. Does thissurprise you? Why or why not? Under what circumstancesmight you expect a phenotypic effect of such arearrangement?
- AKS 7b/7e Mendelian Inheritance In pea plants the allele for round seeds (R) is dominant to the allele for oval seeds (r). In a cross between the two heterozygous plants what percentage of the offspring will have round seeds? * O 75% O 50% O 25% O 100% This is a required question In pigeons, the allele for normal feathers (F) is dominant to the allele for frizzy feathers (f). If a purebred, normal feathered bird (FF) is crossed with a frizzyThis pedigree (Pedigree #2) illustrates the inheritance of a simple Mendelian trait. If individuals III- 5 and III-6 have children, what are the chances that the children would have this disorder? 0% 1/4 2/3 O 1/6 ㅇㅁIn Drosophila, the autosomal recessive dp allele ofthe dumpy gene produces short, curved wings, whilethe autosomal recessive allele bw of the brown genecauses brown eyes. In a testcross using femalesheterozygous for both of these genes, the followingresults were obtained:wild-type wings, wild-type eyes 178wild-type wings, brown eyes 185dumpy wings, wild-type eyes 172dumpy wings, brown eyes 181In a testcross using males heterozygous for both ofthese genes, a different set of results was obtained:wild-type wings, wild-type eyes 247dumpy wings, brown eyes 242a. What can you conclude from the first testcross?b. What can you conclude from the second testcross?c. How can you reconcile the data shown in parts (a)and (b)? Can you exploit the difference betweenthese two sets of data to devise a general test forsynteny in Drosophila?d. The genetic distance between dumpy and brown is91.5 m.u. How could this value be measured?
- For the following problems, please choose from the following modes of inheritance: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive 8080 50 OTO ㅁㅇㅇㅁ I. What is the most likely mode of inheritance portrayed in the pedigree above?Working with the definitions of penetrance and expressivity, analyze the following pedigree and assume that the father of the proband is homozygous for a rare trait. (Consider a rare trait here to be less than 1 in 30,000.) What pattern of inheritance other than autosomal recessive could explain this pedigree? In particular, explain the genotype and phenotype of the proband (arrow).An individual heterozygous for four genes, A/a • B/b •C/c • D/d, is testcrossed with a/a • b/b • c/c • d/d, and 1000progeny are classified by the gametic contribution ofthe heterozygous parent as follows:a • B • C • D 42A • b • c • d 43A • B • C • d 140a • b • c • D 145a • B • c • D 6A • b • C • d 9A • B • c • d 305a • b • C • D 310a. Which genes are linked?b. If two pure-breeding lines had been crossed toproduce the heterozygous individual, what would theirgenotypes have been?c. Draw a linkage map of the linked genes, showing theorder and the distances in map units.d. Calculate an interference value, if appropriate