For centuries, Chinese herbal medicine has used extracts of Ephedra sinica to treat asthma.Ephedra as an"herbal supplement" has been implicated in the deaths of several athletesand has recently been banned as a dietary supplement. Phytochemical investigation ofthis plant resulted in isolation of ephedrine, a very potent dilator of the air passages ofthe lungs. Ephedrine also has profound effects on the cardiovascular system. The natu-rally occurring stereoisomer is levorotatory and has the following structure. Assign anRor S configuration to each chiral center.HNHCH3Ephedra sinica, the sourceof ephedrine, a potentbronchodilator.HOHCH3Ephedrine [a -41

Chiral center : An atom (usually carbon ) which is bonded to four different atoms or groups is known…

Answered: For centuries, Chinese herbal medicine…

Organic Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305580350

Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote

Publisher:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote

Chapter3: Stereoisomerism And Chirality

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3.23P

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Digitalis is a preparation made from the dried seeds and leaves of the purple foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, a plant native to southern and central Europe and cultivated in the United States. The preparation is a mixture of several active components, including digitalin. Digitalis is used in medicine to increase the force of myocardial contraction and as a conduction depressant to decrease heart rate (the heart pumps more forcefully but less often).
Aspirin is the common name for the compound acetylsalicylic acid, widely used as a fever reducer and as a pain killer. Salicylic acid, whose name comes from Salix, the willow family of plants, was derived from willow bark extracts. In folk medicine, willow bark teas were used as headache remedies and other tonics. Nowadays, salicylic acid is administered in the form of aspirin which is less irritating to the stomach than salicylic acid. To prepare aspirin, salicylic acid is reacted with an excess of acetic anhydride. A small amount of a strong acid is used as a catalyst which speeds up the reaction. In this experiment, phosphoric acid will be used as the catalyst. The excess acetic acid will be quenched with the addition of water. The aspirin product is not very soluble in water so the aspirin product will precipitate when water is added. The synthesis reaction of aspirin is shown below: Actic anhydride 5 ml. Acetic acid Salicylic acid 28 Acetylsalicylie acid Procedure 1) Mix salicylic…
Enanthotoxin is an extremely poisonous organic compound found in hemlock water drop- wart, which is reputed to be the most poisonous plant in England. It is believed that no British plant has been responsible for more fatal accidents. The most poisonous part of the plant is the roots, which resemble small white carrots, giving the plant the name"five finger death."Also poisonous are its leaves, which look like parsley. Enanthotoxin is thought to interfere with the Nat current in nerve cells, which leads to convulsions and death. он How many stereoisomers are possible for enanthotoxin?
Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l). The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.50 gof butanoic acid and excess ethanol? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures.
Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Given 8.50 g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures.
Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) a) Given 7.70 g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100% yield? b) A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.25 g of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? c) The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.70 g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol?
Prostaglandins are a class of cicosanoids, fatty acid derivatives with a variety of extremely potent actions on vertebrate tissues. They are responsible for producing fever and inflammation and its associated pain. Prostaglandins are derived from the 20- carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase. This enzyme, a cyclooxygenase, uses oxygen to convert arachidonic acid to PGG2, the immediate precursor of many different prostaglandins. Rate of formation of PGG2 with 10 mg/ml ibuprofen (mM/min) Arachidonic acid (mM) Rate of formation of PGG2 (mM/min) 0.190 12.3 0.228 13.9 0.342 17.5 0.570 1.33 22.2 28.8 7.71 8.88 11.9 16.3 24.0 The kinetic data given in the table are for the reaction catalyzed by a mutant of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase. Focusing here on the first two columns, determine the Vmax and Km of the enzyme. Vmax = Km mM/min mM
C2H5OH+ NaH produce: * C2H50NA+ H2 C2H50NA+H20 C2H6+NAOH C2H50H+NaOH
Prostaglandins are a class of eicosanoids, fatty acid derivatives involved in a variety of important phenomena, including fever, inflammation, and pain. The first step in prostaglandin synthesis involves the conversion of the 20-carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid to PGG2 by the enzyme prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase, or cyclooxy: Ibuprofen is one of several inhibitors of cyclooxogenase used therapeutically. Arachidonic acid 20₂ 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.5 3.5 cyclooxrygenase PGG₂ JOH محمد The following kinetic data were obtained for the enzyme cyclooxygenase in the absence of any inhibitor (1), and in the presence of ibuprofen (2) at a concentration of 48 [arachidonic acid] (uM) (1) v(uM/min) (2) v(uM/min) 23.5 32.2 36.9 41.8 44.0 16.67 25.25 30.49 37.04 38.91 Ibuprofen A. Plot the data in standard Michaelis-Menten form as well as in double-reciprocal form. B. Determine Vmax and Km for the enzyme. C. Based on this limited data set, what type of inhibition does ibuprofen likely exhibit?…
10:29 0. O ? 86% AIATS For Two Year Medic. A 61 /180 (02:55 hr min Mark for Review When 2-Methylpropene undergoes oxidation in the presence of acidic K2Cr2O7, the products obtained are CH3 – CH + CO2 CH3 — СH — С—ОН-СО, CH, -C =0+CO2 +H2O CH3 CH; – CH2 – CH + CO2 + H20 Clear Response III
Eleostearic acid, C18H30O2, is a rare fatty acid found in the tung oil used for finishing furniture. On ozonolysis followed by treatment with zinc, eleostearic acid furnishes one part pentanal, two parts glyoxal (OHC-CHO), and one part 9-oxononanoic acid [OHC(CH2)7CO2H]. What is the structure of eleostearic acid?
Paroxetine (Paxil) is an antidepressant that is a member of a family of drugs known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIS). This family of drugs also includes fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft). SSRIS work by inhibiting the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the synapses of the central nervous system follow- ing release of serotonin during excitation of individual nerve cells. Between firings, the serotonin is taken back up by a nerve cell in preparation for firing again. Inhibition of reuptake has the effect of increasing the time serotonin molecules remain in the syn- apses following excitation, leading to a therapeutic effect. In one synthesis of parox- etine, the following reagents are used. Draw the structures of synthetic intermediates A and B. F НО SOCI, A B HO Pyridine

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