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- Exercise 1 a) Use the equation for the circular flow of the real economy to give an overview of thedemand side components and tie players in the macroeconomy to each of thesecomponents.b) How can you use the equation for the circular flow to discuss the effect of fiscal policyand monetary policy?c) As a follow up from part b), discuss the statement: “During the pandemic, expansionarymonetary policy did not boost the economy as expected”.d) For the following two cases, use the equation for the real interest rate to give anexample for each case using numbers for real interest rate, nominal interest rateand inflation. Explain each number you select.Case 1: A situation where it is a real cost if you borrow money.Case 2: A situation where it is a real gain if you borrow money.e) Let GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as a simplification, only be one good, apples. Find theGDP deflator if nominal GDP = 100 and real GDP = 20 and explain these three numbersusing apples as an example.f) As a follow up…The figure given below depicts the macroeconomic equilibrium in a country. Figure 11.3 AS, 400- 200+ AD: AD. AD, 200 400 600 800 Real GDP (dolars) Refer to Figure 11.3. Assume that the increase in aggregate demand from AD; to AD, was the result of government spending that was financed by bomowing. Assuming that the Ricardian equivalence holds and people expect taxes to rise in future, the equilibritum income will be: O $700. O less than S700. O $800. O less than $500. O more than $800. Price Level (dollars)In an attempt to offset debt accumulated during the covid crisis, the Nigerian government passes long-term fiscal austerity measures (a reduction in government expenditure). This fiscal action would cause domestic national savings to increase domestic national savings to decrease domestic firm investment to increase O domestic firm investment to decrease O O
- 1. What are so-called heterodox adjustment programs? Are they a sound long-term approach? 2. Use the IS/LM/BP graph to illustrate the effects of a revaluation. Show the fiscal and monetary policy changes that would make it more likely that a revaluation will succeed in eliminating a payments surplus.In this section, the context is a large negative shock to autonomous consumption in an open economy. You may assume the economy is initially at a medium run equilibrium. Provide two different scenarios in which the macroeconomic policy response to the shock in an op economy includes the use of expansionary fiscal policy, Explain your reasoning, the policy chosen and describe how the economy adjusts to medium-run equilibrium. Refer to real world examples.The US Government is facing major budget deficit deciding between implementing fiscal and monetary policy to boost output back to potential output. In the presence of expectations, using the IS-LM model graph the effects on the US economy from a contractionary fiscal policy? What would happen if this change is perceived as permanent by investors? Graph and explain. What would happen if the government was perceived as wasteful? Graph and explain.
- Question no1 Suppose in a closed economy, the government reduces her household incometax. Using relevant Classical Theories, explain its long-run effects on savings,real interest rates,s and investments. Question no 2 Suppose Country A is a small open economy with a trade deficit. With a risingconcern of plausible supply chain issues, business firms in Country A tend toincrease their level of inventory. Using relevant Classical Theories, explain how this would affect her netcapital outflow, real exchange rate and trade deficit in the long run.Pls help with below homwork. Explain and illustrate graphically the possible fiscal and monetary policy responses to a demand shock in the Keynesian model. What are the limitations of fiscal and monetary policy in the Keynesian model when a demand shock disturbs the economy?Using the IS-LM model (including the Money Market diagram), show the full effect of a con- tractionary fiscal policy (e.g. AG < 0) on the economy. Compare the new equilibrium to the initial equilibrium, commenting on output Y, the interest rate r.
- Assume that fiscal policy can be accomplished by changing only one of G and T. In the IS-LM framework, suppose the effect on the general equilibrium output is the same between expansionary fiscal policy and expansionary monetary policy. Which one would you expect to have a greater impact on the equilibrium consumption?13. Suppose that two countries differ on in the size of their MPC, where the MPC is high in country A and low in country B. Draw IS/LM and AD/AS curves for each country. In which country will monetary policy be most effective at changing income? Fiscal policy?1) Consider economy T described by the parameters below: C=1500+0.6Y I = 1200 G=2500 X =500 M = 400 T = 1000 c. Is economy T experiencing a trade deficit or surplus? Explain your answer. d. Differentiate between the term’s leakages and injections, giving examplesto support your response. e. Discuss two (2) factors that may affect consumption in an economy.