encryption
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Computer Science
f(x) = x3 + x - 1, establish a primitive for
GF*(23) with divisor f(x) and state the orbit for your primitive. Describe how one
could use the El Gamal encryption-decryption scheme to encrypt and decrypt a
plaintext message.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- A cryptography student has accidentally used the same keystream to encrypt two different messages, M1 and 0x7894c0d145 fd8536 and C2 = 0x faf61234a0e65dc2. We also M2. We know that the ciphertexts are C1 happen to know that M1 = Ox ƒ70bca4869ded9a5. a) What is M, in hexadecimal? Please give your answer a leading Ox and use lowercase letters only. b) What is the keystream? Please give your answer a leading Ox and use lowercase letters only. Hint: These are all 8 byte numbers and will fit in an unsigned long type on most systems.A cryptanalyst has determined that the three most common trigraphs in a ciphertext are LME, WRI, and ZYC, and guesses that these ciphertext trigraphs correspond to the three most common trigraphs in English text, THE, AND, and THA. If the plaintext was encrypted using a Hill trigraphic cipher described by C ≡ AP (mod 26), what are the entries of the 3 × 3 encrypting matrix A?Consider a (7,4) code with generator matrixG=[1 1 0 1 0 0 00 1 1 0 1 0 01 1 1 0 0 1 01 0 1 0 0 0 1 ] , Encode the messages 1110, 1010, 0001.
- How many binary strings (strings of 1s and Os) of length 2n can be formed, such that for all 1 ≤ k ≤ 2n, the first k letters contain at least as many 1s, as they contain Os? 0 (31) 0(2) n+1 03" (2n) n!Let N = {0, 1, 2, . . .} be the set of Natural Numbers. Given an n ∈ N, which of the followingconditions are necessary, and which of these conditions are sufficient, for the Natural Number,n, to be a factor of 10.(a) 1 is a factor of n.(b) 1 is a factor of 2n.(c) −n is a factor of 10.(d) 10 is a multiple of n.(e) n is divisible by 2.(f) n^2 is divisible of 5.(g) n = 10.Exercise • Exercise Given a (7 , 4) non-systematic code 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 G= 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 10 1 Solve for s if (a) r = [1101011], and (b) r = [1010111]
- 1. Consider an impulse response h[n] such that h[n] = 0 for n < 0 and n > M, and h[n] =−h[M − n] for 0 ≤ n ≤ M where M is an odd integer.a) Express the Fourier transform of h[n] in the formH(ejω) = ejf(ω)A(ω) ,where f(ω) and A(ω) are real-valued functions of ω. Determine f(ω) and A(ω).b) Provide an example of such an impulse response h[n] for M = 7 and find the corresponding f(ω) and A(ω).Let ⊕ denote the exclusive or, XOR, operation, defined by the followingtruth table. Construct a Boolean expression equivalent to P ⊕Q using only the connectives (func-tions) ∧, ∨, and ¬.Develop a finite state machine (FSM) to recognize the binary string "011" or "110" with terminator $. Note: please do not copy and paste the answer from chegg. The chegg answer that is already there is wrong.