(e) Explain the lock and key' mechanism of enzyme action.
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- 3) Read the situations below and indicate which of the four methods of enzyme regulation is occurring for each. a) The energy-carrying molecule ATP is made by the enzyme ATP synthase. Muscle cells use a lot of energy and also have higher amounts of the ATP synthase enzyme than many other cell types. General mechanism of enzyme regulation: S b) Prostaglandins are messenger molecules involved in the inflammatory response, as well as the perception of pain. They are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates by an enzym called cyclo-oxygenase. "Ibuprofen" is the active ingredient in a variety of anti-inflammatory medications such as Motrin® and Advil®. It reduces pain and swelling by binding to a hydrophobic channel in the active site of cyclo-oxygenase, blocking the polyunsaturated fatty acids from binding to the enzyme, and therefore stopping production of prostaglandins. General mechanism of enzyme regulation:Identify the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, explain what is wrong with that statement a) Transition state analogs bind very tightly with the enzyme active site as they form covalent bonds with the active site b) Receptor desensitization happens upon prolonged exposure of receptors to both agonists and antagonists c) Dactinomycin and Doxorubicin are examples of drugs that bind with the major groove of DNA d) Mitomycin C forms interstrand crosslinking while cisplatin forms intrastrand crosslinking of DNAIn what way(s) are Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, and Elastase different? (choose 1) a) They target different amino acid residues in proteins. b) They use different reaction mechanisms c) Both of the above d) Neither of the above
- Sketch the arrow pushing mechanism of the hydrolysis of phospho-serine by the emzyme phosphatase. The enzyme has a catalytic diad. Cys (pka 8.2) and glu (pka 4.3)Identify each reaction catalyzed by (a) a nucleotidase; (b) a phosphorylase;(c) a phosphoribosyltransferase.Identify each reaction catalyzed by (a) a nucleotidase; (b) a phosphorylase; (c) a phosphoribosyltransferase.
- Identify the molecules that enter the oxidative-phosphorylation pathway and the products that form.Explain how glucose is metabolized to yield ATP.Identify the type of regulation of enzyme activity seen in the following situations - for example, competitive inhibition, allosterism, phosphorylation, zymogen conversion, association-dissociation, feedback inhibition, etc. a. Trypinsogen, which is not catalytically active, is converted to the active enzyme trypsin by removal of a hexapeptide from the N-terminal end. b. The dimer protein kinases is catalytically inactive. Binding of cAMP causes protein kinase dimer to split into its monomer which are active catalysts.