During treatment of congestive heart failure and hypertension, describe the mechanism of action and major side effects of loop diuretics, ACE inhibitors, blockers, and Ca2+ channel blockers.
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During treatment of congestive heart failure and hypertension, describe the mechanism of action and major side effects of loop diuretics, ACE inhibitors, blockers, and Ca2+ channel blockers.
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- Describe the mechanism of action of diuretics most commonly used for hypertension treatment. What are the major side effects and drug-drug interactions?Explain the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in managing hypertensionExplain why orthostatic (postural) hypotension may occurwith vasodilator drugs.
- Identify at least three classes of antihypertensive drugs, give a drug name/example for each of the classes, and a brief explanation of their effects. Answer should include: Three from any class e.g. Ace inhibitors ARBs ALPHA 1 adrenergic receptor blockers Beta adrenergic blockers Diuretics PLUS explanation of mode of action and examples(drug names) for eachPresent the rationale for clinical applications of vasodilators use for hypertension treatment. What are the major side effects and drug-drug interactions?Indicate whether peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output is most directly impacted by the administration of each drug class. Please explain why. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Beta-blockers Calcium channel blockers Loop diuretics Thiazides
- Explain How/why ACE- inhibitors would work to reduce blood pressure (ie, what ASPECT of blood pressure is affected, and how is it affected).Present the comparison of cardio selective and non-selective beta-blockers most commonly used for treatment of hypertension.Identify the most commonly used antihypertensives that can produce orthostatic hypotension. Which of the drugs affecting the sympathetic nervous system can also cause bradycardia? Describe the most significant adverse effects of direct acting vasodilators. Compare their effects to phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
- . This question is about the NICE treatment algorithm for hypertension in patients under 55 years. 1) Which cardiodynamic parameter is reduced by the drug added at step 2? 2) Increased clearance of which major extracellular cation into the urine along with water is expected after addition of the drug class in step 3. 3) Antagonism at which receptor is suggested by inclusion of a drug in step 4?What are the pharmacokinetics of heparin and morphine? What would the treatment protocol be for a patient with Afib with RVR? Describe the ECG changes that may occur with myocardial infarction.What are the difference between the hypertensive drugs and list the drug corresponding to each category:1. Beta Blockers, 2.Calcium Channel Blockers, 3.Ace Inhibitor,4. Angiotensin II Blockers, 5. Diuretics.