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- Duopoly: 1. Consider a duopoly game with 2 firms. The market inverse demand curve is given by P(Q) = 120-Q, where Q = 9₁ +9₂ and q; is the quantity produced by firm i. The firm's long run total costs are given by C₁(9₁)=2q₁ and C₂(92)=92, respectively. a. Determine the Nash Equilibrium for Cournot competition, in which firms compete based on quantity. What is each firm's best response as a function of the other firm's output? Graph these best response functions in on the same graph. Compute the associated payoffs for each firm. b. Determine the Nash Equilibrium for Bertrand competition, in which firms compete based on price and stand ready to meet market demand at that price. What is each firm's best response as a function of the other firm's price? Graph these best response functions in on the same graph. Compute the associated payoffs for each firm. Game Th2. An industry contains two firms that have identical cost functions C(q)=10+2q. The inverse demand function for the market is P=50-2Q where Q is the total industry output. Assuming the firms compete in quantities: Find the firms' best response functions. b. Solve for the Cournot Nash Equilibrium of the game. What is the total industry output in equilibrium? What is the equilibrium price? с. i. If both firms could collude, what would the industry output and price be? Suppose they decide that each firm produces half of the industry output found in part (i). Is this agreement self-enforcing? Explain. ii. a.Consider a Stackelberg duopoly:There are two firms in an industry with demand Q = 1 − Pd.The “leader” chooses a quantity qL to produce. The “follower” observes qL and chooses a quantity qF.Suppose now that the cost function is Ci(qi) = qi2 for i = L, F. (a) Find the subgame perfect equilibrium. (b) Compare the equilibrium you found with the Nash equilibrium if the game was simultaneous (i.e., Cournot competition). Is the Nash equilibrium of the Cournot game also a Nash equilibrium of the sequential game? Why or why not?
- 1 Consider a duopoly with firm 1 and firm 2. Their cost functions are 2q₁ and cq2, respectively, where 2 < c < 10. The market demand function is p=10-Q, where Q=q₁+9₂. (a) Assume that the two firms play the Bertrand price game. Find the firms' price choices in the Bertrand equilibrium. (b) Assume that the two firms play the Cournot quantity game. Find the firms' quantity choices in the Cournot equilibrium.The firms in a duopoly produce differentiated products. The inverse demand for Firm 1 is The inverse demand for Firm 2 is and P₁ = 52-9₁-0.592. Each firm has a marginal cost of m= $1 per unit. Solve for the Nash-Cournot equilibrium quantities. The Cournot equilibrium quantities are (Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places.) P₂ = 100-92-0.5q1₁. 91 = units 92 units. =3. Consider a model of Cournot duopoly. Two firms produce an identical product. The inverse demand function for the product is given by p = 60-y, where y = y₁ + y2 is the sum of the quantity produced by the two firms. Production costs are zero for both firms. a) Find the quantity produced by each firm in the Nash equilibrium of this game. Find the price of the product and the profit of each firm. b) Now say that marketing guru Jim has a proposal for firm 1. He would be able to convince people that the two firms' products were in fact slightly different from each other, so that the amount produced by each firm would not impact the price of the other's product as much as it did before. The inverse demand function for each product would become P₁ = 60-9₁-92 and p2 = 60 - 92 - -9₁. What is the most that firm 1 would be willing to pay Jim to do this? Show your work and explain in a few sentences what you did to find your answer.
- 1. In class, we showed that in a Cournot duopoly with demand p: ab(91 +92) and marginal costs of c₁ for firm 1 and c2 for firm two, the firms' best response functions were as follows: a C1 92 2b 91 a-c2 92 - 2b 91 822 and (a) Find equilibrium expressions for q₁ and q in terms of a, b, C1, and C2 only. (b) Show that the equilibrium price will be p": = a + c1 + €2 3Consider a Cournot duopoly with the inverse demand P = 200 − 2Q. Firm 1 and 2 compete by simultaneously choosing their quantities. Both firms have constant marginal and average cost MC = AC = 20. A) Find each firm’s best response function. Plot the best response functions (label the x-axes as ?1 and y-axes as ?2 ). B) Find the Cournot-Nash equilibrium quantities, profits and market price. Illustrate the equilibrium point on your graph in part (A). C) Suppose instead that firm 1 had MC = AC = 20, but firm 2’s MC = 8. What is the Cournot-Nash equilibrium outputs and profits now? How would this affect your answers to part (B)? ExplainWalmart (firm 1) and Amazon (firm 2) are a duopoly in the grocery market. They are faced with an inverse demand of P(Q1, Q2) = 16−2 (Q1+Q2) and total costs of TC(Qi) = 2Q2i, i= 1,2. Note that the marginal cost is not constant! 1. Obtain the Cournot equilibrium quantities and profits. 2. Obtain the Stackelberg equilibrium in which Walmart moves first. Compare with the Cournotequilibrium. 3. Obtain the cartel outcome (= shared monopoly). Compare with Stackelberg and Cournot.
- Consider two firms choosing quantities sequentially in a duopoly setting (i.e. the Stackelberg game). The two firms have identical products. Each firm has no fixed costs, and faces marginal costs equal to 5 plus the quantity it produces (i.e. MC = 5 + q). Market demand is given by Q = 46 - P, where Q is market quantity and P is market price. In equilibrium, how much will the firm that moves first produce?Consider a duopolistic market in which the two identical firms compete by selecting their quantities. The inverse market demand is P(Q) = 210−Q and each firm has a marginal cost of $15 per unit. Assume that fixed costs are negligible for both firms. Cournot Model Determine the Nash-Cournot equilibrium for this market.(Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places.) Firm 1's quantity: q1= ? units. Firm 2's quantity: q2 = ? units. Market price: P= ? Stackelberg Model Determine the Nash-Stackelberg equilibrium for this market, assuming that Firm 1 is the Stackelberg leader. (Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places.) Firm 1's quantity: q1 = ? units Firm 2s quantity: q2 = ? units. Market price: P = ?Which of the following statements about the classic Cournot duopoly model is incorrect? 1)The products of the two firms are homogeneous. 2) It is a static game with complete information. 3) The two firms decide on their prices and let their quantities be dictated demand conditions. 4) There exist examples that have unique Nash equilibrium points.