(d) Consider the following catalyzed and non-catalyzed pathways of a substitution reaction of bromoethane. Draw an energy diagram for each of the following reactions (label all axes and include reactants, intermediates (if any) and products). e CH3CH₂Br + HO e CH3CH₂OH + Br (non-catalyzed) CH3CH₂Br + HOⓇ CH3CH₂OH + 1 (catalyzed) CH3CH₂ + Br
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- A problem often encountered in the oxidation of primary alcohols to acids is that esters are sometimes produced as by-products. For example, oxidation of ethanol yields acetic acid and ethyl acetate: Propose a mechanism to account for the formation of ethyl acetate. Take into account the reversible reaction between aldehydes and alcohols:Nonconjugated , -unsaturated ketones, such as 3-cyclohexenone, are in an acid-catalyzed equilibrium with their conjugated , -unsaturated isomers. Propose a mechanism for this isomerization.By taking into account electronegativity differences, draw the products formed by heterolysis of the carbon–heteroatom bond in each molecule. Classify the organic reactive intermediate as a carbocation or a carbanion.
- 10) Consider the following alkene hydration reaction. он H2SO, H20 Given that the reaction is endergonic by 10 kcal/mol, complete the following. (a) Draw the intermediate(s) formed in the mechanistic pathway to the major product in the indicated space below. If there are multiple intermediates label them 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. (b) Sketch a reaction-energy profile for this reaction and clearly label staring material, product, intermediate(s), transition state(s), AG" and AG (of the rate determining step) on your plot. Progress of the reaction Draw and Label Intermediate(s) Below: Potential energy1. Describe the difference between addition polymerization and conden- sation polymerization. For an example of each type of polymerization a) Give the structural formula of the starting materials b) Draw a section of the polymer chain, showing at least one repeat unit 8 2. State the product of the following chemical reactions. a) Hydrolysis of methyl benzoate, C6H5COOCH3, with dilute sulfuric acid. b) Combustion of propan-1-ol.(c) The following reaction shows the electrophilic addition reaction between an alkene compound with hydrogen chloride, HCI. Tindak balas berikut menunjukkan tindak balas penambahan elektrofilik antara sebatian alkena dengan hidrogen klorida, HCI. CI + HCI Major product Draw the mechanism for the formation of major product.
- Decide whether the reactions below will proceed via an SN1 or SN2 mechanism. (b) Draw structural formula form the major organic products onlyWhen acetone is dissolved in either a slightly basic or a slightly acidic solution of oxygen-18 labeled water, H2180, oxygen-18 labeled acetone, (CH3)2C=180, is produced. This is a form of an isotopic exchange reaction between acetone and water. Provide a mechanism to account for this reaction in (a) basic solution and (b) acidic solution. Hint: Is the addition of the nucleophile reversible or irreversible? 180 + H,180 CH3 + Hо `CH3 Acid or base H3C H3Cb) Listed below are several hypothetical nucleophilic substitution reactions. None is synthetically useful because the product indicated is not formed at an appreciable rate. In each case provide an explanation for the failure of the reaction to take place as indicated. OMe HO + OMe + OH HO + CH; OH
- 12) Use the curved arrow formalism to show the movement of electron pairs in the following reaction and label each reactant as a nucleophile or an electrophile. CHÍNH CHỊCH, + CO Học Nha CH₂CH₂CIConsider the reaction of NaCl with 2- bromo-2-methylhexane in acetone/water. Predict the change in rate if the concentrations of both the 2-bromo-2- methylhexane and the NaCl are doubled. A) The reaction rate stays the same. B) The reaction rate doubles. C) The reaction rate is halved. D) The reaction rate quadruples E) The reaction rate triples.Under acid-catalyzed conditions, epoxides can be opened by a variety of nucleophiles other than water, such as alcohols. In such a case, the nucleophile will generally attack at the more substituted position. Using this information, predict the products for each of the following reactions (a-b): ? 1) RCO-H 2) [H₂SOJ Modify the given structure to draw the major product(s). Use the single bond tool to interconvert between double and single bonds. If a racemic mixture of enantiomers is expected, draw both enantiomers. Note: you can select a structure and use Copy and Paste to save drawing time. CH₂ Edit Drawing A