Currently the Australian Government is aiming to reduce Australia's carbon emissions to 5% below 2000 emissions levels by 2020. Reforms Emissions change (compared to 2000 levels) by 2020. A 10% increase Total cost for industries to introduce 0 reform measures (billions of dollars) B No change 0.3 C 5% reduction 1.2 D 10% reduction 1.5 a. If the Government introduced a permit system, resulting in total industry permit costs being $700 million, and capital investment total costs of $500 million, what would be the expected 2020 pollutions levels compared to 2000 levels? Type LT for Less Than, E for Equal to, or GT = Greater Than.

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Chapter14: Environmental Economics
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Currently the Australian Government is aiming to reduce Australia's carbon emissions to 5% below 2000 emissions levels
by 2020.
Reforms
A
Emissions change (compared to 2000 10% increase
levels) by 2020.
Total cost for industries to introduce 0
reform measures (billions of dollars)
B
No change
0.3
с
5%
reduction
1.2
D
10% reduction
1.5
a. If the Government introduced a permit system, resulting in total industry permit costs being $700 million, and
capital investment total costs of $500 million, what would be the expected 2020 pollutions levels compared to 2000
levels?
. Type LT for Less Than, E for Equal to, or GT = Greater Than.
b. Consider the mining sector is responsible for 8% of Australia's overall industry carbon emissions. The Government
decides to introduce the reform option D (10% reduction). How much would it cost the mining sector (including both
permit and capital investment) as a result of introducing this reform? Assume the cost is directly proportionally to all
industries within the Australian economy. Answer to two decimal places in billions of dollars. $
billion.
c. The Australian Government decides to meet their 2020 emissions goal by issuing permits to polluters. The permits
will cost industries $900 million to buy the required number of permits. Industries need to spend an additional $300
million on improving (reforming) their operations and equipment to reduce their carbon emissions under the permit
system. What is the net cost to society as a result of the Government's approach? Answer to the nearest whole
number in millions of dollars (with no decimal places). $
million.
Transcribed Image Text:Currently the Australian Government is aiming to reduce Australia's carbon emissions to 5% below 2000 emissions levels by 2020. Reforms A Emissions change (compared to 2000 10% increase levels) by 2020. Total cost for industries to introduce 0 reform measures (billions of dollars) B No change 0.3 с 5% reduction 1.2 D 10% reduction 1.5 a. If the Government introduced a permit system, resulting in total industry permit costs being $700 million, and capital investment total costs of $500 million, what would be the expected 2020 pollutions levels compared to 2000 levels? . Type LT for Less Than, E for Equal to, or GT = Greater Than. b. Consider the mining sector is responsible for 8% of Australia's overall industry carbon emissions. The Government decides to introduce the reform option D (10% reduction). How much would it cost the mining sector (including both permit and capital investment) as a result of introducing this reform? Assume the cost is directly proportionally to all industries within the Australian economy. Answer to two decimal places in billions of dollars. $ billion. c. The Australian Government decides to meet their 2020 emissions goal by issuing permits to polluters. The permits will cost industries $900 million to buy the required number of permits. Industries need to spend an additional $300 million on improving (reforming) their operations and equipment to reduce their carbon emissions under the permit system. What is the net cost to society as a result of the Government's approach? Answer to the nearest whole number in millions of dollars (with no decimal places). $ million.
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