Cryptoquip Today's clue: F equals N The Cryptoquip is a substitution cipher in which one letter stands for another. If you think that X = O, it will equal O throughout the puzzle. Single letters, short words and words using an apostrophe give you clues to locating vowels. UY IYTGZ HFB BY UTWHG GZRFUA - CXAG AHN FY GY JWBRYSTRGN
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- CIPHERS Cryptology, the science of writing and breaking codes and ciphers, uses many ides from mathematics. It is a rapidly expanding profession. Can you decipher the following message, which is written in pig-pen cipher? BOUFJ Brun FELLOF JUJHO3 The Pigpen Cipher is a Substitution Cipher that was used by the Freemasons in the 18th Century. They substituted each letter of the alphabet with a picture. A key to this cipher is formed by placing the letters of the alphabet in "pens" formed by the sales in a tic-tac-toe grid. In the grid the letters are places as shown below. A B J K L S U D E M V W X G H P Q R Y To make the cipher, no dots are used for the letters A through I, only the sides of the pens. We use one dot in each pen for the letters J through R and two dots per pen for S through Z. Write the cipher for each letter below. A- B- C- D- E- F- G- H- |- J- K- L- M - N- P- Q- R- S- T- U- V- w - X - Y- Z- Use the key to decipher the message(picture on the top page):Crypto Columns The columnar encryption scheme scrambles the letters in a message (or plaintext) using a keyword as illustrated in the following example: Suppose BATBOY is the keyword and our message is MEET ME BY THE OLD OAK TREE. Since the keyword has 6 letters, we write the message (ignoring spacing and punctuation) in a grid with 6 columns, padding with random extra letters as needed: MEETME BYTHEO LDOAKT REENTH Here, we've padded the message with NTH. Now the message is printed out by columns, but the columns are printed in the order determined by the letters in the keyword. Since A is the letter of the keyword that comes first in the alphabet, column 2 is printed first. The next letter, B, occurs twice. In the case of a tie like this we print the columns leftmost first, so we print column 1, then column 4. This continues, printing the remaining columns in order 5, 3 and finally 6. So, the order the columns of the grid are printed would be 2, 1, 4, 5, 3, 6, in this case. This…Blackout Math is a math puzzle in which you are given an incorrect arithmetic equation. The goal of the puzzle is to remove two of the digits and/or operators in the equation so that the resulting equation is correct. For example, given the equation 6 - 5 = 15 ^ 4/2we can remove the digit 5 and the / operator from the right-hand side in order to obtain the correct equality 6 - 5 = 1 ^ 42. Both sides of the equation now equal to 1. Observe how removing an operator between two numbers (4 and 2) causes the digits of the numbers to be concatenated (42). Here is a more complicated example: 288 / 24 x 6 = 18 x 13 x 8 We can remove digits and operators from either side of the equals sign (either both from one side, or one on each side). In this case, we can remove the 2 from the number 24 on the left-hand side and the 1 from the number 13 on the right-hand side to obtain the correct equality 288 / 4 x 6 = 18 x 3 x 8 Both sides of the equation now equal to 432. Here is another puzzle for you…
- A fish-finder is a device used by anglers to find fish in a lake. If the fish-finder finds a fish, it will sound an alarm. It uses depth readings to determine whether to sound an alarm. For our purposes, the fish-finder will decide that a fish is swimming past if:there are four consecutive depth readings which form a strictly increasing sequence (such as 3 4 7 9) (which we will call "Fish Rising"), orthere are four consecutive depth readings which form a strictly decreasing sequence (such as 9 6 5 2) (which we will call "Fish Diving"), orthere are four consecutive depth readings which are identical (which we will call "Constant Depth").All other readings will be considered random noise or debris, which we will call "No Fish."Create a Python program called "fishfinder_firstname_lastname" that takes 1 input of string of 4 numbers separated with comma. Your program must display "Fish Rising", "Fish Diving.", "Fish At Constant Depth" or "No Fish".Example:30,10,20,20 Must display No…Correct answer will be upvoted else Multiple Downvoted. Computer science. You are given a string s, consisting of brackets of two types: '(', ')', '[' and ']'. A string is called a regular bracket sequence (RBS) if it's of one of the following type empty strin '(' + RBS + ')' '[' + RBS + ']' RBS + RBS where plus is a concatenation of two strings In one move you can choose a non-empty subsequence of the string s (not necessarily consecutive) that is an RBS, remove it from the string and concatenate the remaining parts without changing the order What is the maximum number of moves you can perfor Input The first line contains a single integer t (1≤t≤1000) — the number of testcases Each of the next t lines contains a non-empty string, consisting only of characters '(', ')', '[' and ']'. The total length of the strings over all testcases doesn't exceed 2⋅10 Output For each testcase print a single integer — the maximum number of moves you can perform on a given string…Strength Checker for Password Systems: For a given password system, calculate the search space for a general user and a lazy user. Suppose only 11 special characters can be input. Program with any language. Input (by the evaluator): 1st line: number of characters 2nd line: numbers allowed [Y/N]? must be included [Y/N]? 3rd line: letters allowed [Y/N]? case sensitive [Y/N]? must be included [Y/N]? 4th line: special character allowed [Y/NJ? must be included [Y/N]? Output: 1st line: The search space for a general user is (). 2nd line: The search space for a lazy user is (]. Example: Input: 6 YY YYY YY Output: The search space for a general user is 1.43*10^11. The search space for a lazy user is 2.68*10^9. in java code
- Substitution ciphers are encryption/decryption algorithms that replace one letter or number with another. The first attested use of a substitution cipher in military affairs was by Julius Caesar, described by him in Gallic Wars (cf. Kahn pp83-84). In caesar cipher , you replace each letter by 3rd letter on. If it is out of bound (later than Z), then round to the head (letter A) and continue the shift. For example:meet me after the toga party PHHW PH DIWHU WKH WRJD SDUWB Please write a program in Java to implement the Caesar Cipher: a. Implement the encryption algorithm. Ask the user to input one all lower case normal sentence (called plaintext) using the nextLine method, and then output the encrypted text (called ciphertext). b. Implement the decryption algorithm. Ask the user to input one encrypted sentence (i.e. ciphertext) using the nextLine method, and then output the decrypted text (i.e. plaintext).Blackout Math is a math puzzle in which you are given an incorrect arithmetic equation. The goal of the puzzle is to remove two of the digits and/or operators in the equation so that the resulting equation is correct. For example, given the equation 6 - 5 = 15 ^ 4/2 we can remove the digit 5 and the / operator from the right-hand side in order to obtain the correct equality 6 - 5 = 1 ^ 42. Both sides of the equation now equal to 1. Observe how removing an operator between two numbers (4 and 2) causes the digits of the numbers to be concatenated (42). Here is a more complicated example: 288 / 24 x 6 = 18 x 13 x 8 We can remove digits and operators from either side of the equals sign (either both from one side, or one on each side). In this case, we can remove the 2 from the number 24 on the left-hand side and the 1 from the number 13 on the right-hand side to obtain the correct equality 288 / 4 x 6 = 18 x 3 x 8 Both sides of the equation now equal to 432. Here is another puzzle for you…A phrase is a palindrome if, after converting all uppercase letters into lowercase letters and removing all non-alphanumeric characters, it reads the same forward and backward. Alphanumeric characters include letters and numbers. Given a string s, return true if it is a palindrome, or false otherwise. Hint: There are 2 well-known ways to solve this problem! plese write code in python
- The greatest common divisor of two positive integers, A and B, is the largest number that can be evenly divided into both of them. Euclid's algorithm can be used to find the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two positive integers. You can use this algorithm in the following manner: 1. Compute the remainder of dividing the larger number by the smaller number. 2. Replace the larger number with the smaller number and the smaller number with the remainder. 3. Repeat this process until the smaller number is zero. The larger number at this point is the GCD of A and B. Write a program that lets the user enter two integers and then prints each step in the process of using the Euclidean algorithm to find their GCD. An example of the program input and output is shown below: Enter the smaller number: 5 Enter the larger number: 15 The greatest common divisor is 5Lab Assignment 1: Vigenere Cipher Overview: You are required to implement the Vigenere Cipher using any programming language of your choice. Your program should be able to encrypt any given message written in text. Your program should allow the user to submit a message for encryption (the message must use text only). You should use the following message to demonstrate the encryption: “Party on the Quad." Your program should allow the user to input the key for performing the encryption. Please use the following key to demonstrate the encryption process: "Homecoming."Discrte math: cryptography Please show all steps correctly and handwritten