Contrast the functions of Spo11 and Cas9, two enzymes that catalyze the formation of double-strand breaks

Q: MRNA HRNA Topoisomerase DNA gyrase Sense strand Bubble Promoter region Antisense strand Coding…

A: Central dogma means the flow of genetic information in the cell. It states that the 3 main process…

Q: What are the two major mechanisms for the repair of double-strand breaks? How do they differ?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double stranded helix, which serves as the hereditary unit for…

Q: Describe Three Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases CatalyzeFormation of Different RNAs.

A: In eukaryotes transcription is achieved by three different types of RNA polymerase ,RNA (1-3). RNA…

Q: Describe the terms: Transformation Operon Recombination

A: Hello you have asked question with multiple subparts. We will be able to answer only first three.…

Q: Explain the difference between the potential effects on an individual organism of errors made during…

A: During DNA replication, proofreading occurs when DNA polymerases fixes the majority of mismatched…

Q: Describe rho independent termination in prokaryotes

A: A biological process in which the information present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is copied to…

Q: Compare and contrast two mechanisms for transcriptional termination in bacteria.

A: The process of formation of the RNA strands from the DNA template by the action of an RNA polymerase…

Q: Explain the mechanism for increasing DNA-transposon copy number.

A: Transposable substances are kind of genetic units that are mobile. They exhibit higher diversity in…

Q: give 1 Demonstration that retrotransposons movevia an RNA intermediate.

A: A transposon can be defined as the characteristic mobile genetic element. These elements can…

Q: During eukaryote transcription initiation, when TFIIE, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIIF, and RNA pol II all join…

A: Transcription factor is a protein that binds to a specific region in DNA that controls the…

Q: Why would a mutation in a somatic cell of a multicellular organism escape detection?

A: Mutations that likely occurred in a somatic cell are not supposed to be transferred to its next…

Q: Which of the following types of transposable elements rely onan RNA intermediate for…

A: Eukaryotic class-I transposons has a copy paste mechanism or a retrotransposition mechanism. Ty1…

Q: Some organisms have mechanisms in place that will override transcription termination. One such…

A: The HIV-1 (Human Immunodeficiency virus-1) Tat (transactivator of transcription) gene codes for a…

Q: Which type of transposable element possesses terminal inverted repeats? a. Insertion sequence b.…

A: There are two types of transposons such as replicative and non-replicative transposons. They are…

Q: Explain how each of the following processes complicates the concept of colinearity. Q.…

A: Colinearity takes place when the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide determines the sequences…

Q: Transposons in bacterial genomes can carry genes,including those conferring ________ resistance

A: The transposable elements are known as stretches of DNA molecules that can jump from one place to…

Q: Adds nucleotides in in the 5' to 3' direction during transcription. [Select ] [ Select ] ligase…

A: RNA polymerase

Q: What would be the likely effect of a mutation that prevents σ from dissociating from the RNA…

A: After the initiation of the transcription, the RNA strand would elongate by the action of RNA…

Q: Discuss the genetic switch that controls the lytic versus lysogenic path in bacteriophage lambda.

A: Gene regulatory network that shows bistable behavior is known as genetic switches. It is studied…

Q: Explain how gene conversion can occur via mismatch repair and DNA gap repair synthesis.

A: Step 1 Gene conversion is the process of replacing a homologous sequence with a deoxyribonucleic…

Q: Give examples of some of the ways eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins bind to DNA.

A: Genes are collections of nucleotides that code for a specific protein. For protein synthesis to…

Q: Contrast the structures   ofretrotransposons and DNA transposons.

A: Transposons are the small segments of DNA that can alter its position within a genome. This means…

Q: There are 3 RNA polymerases in eukaryotes. Write a sentence about the function of each. Which is…

A: RNA polymerase enzyme synthesizes RNA from template of DNA.

Q: .  Locate the -10 region hexanucleotide sequence in the following coding strand of DNA.  Indicate…

A: Transcription is a process through which the template strand of the DNA transcribes into mRNA in the…

Q: Determine the site of the occurrence of mutation in the promote that prevents the binding of RNA…

A: The key component of the operon's promoter region is an RNA polymerase binding site that serves as…

Q: Give the sequence on the opposite strand for ACGTAT, AGATCT, and ATGGTA.

A: DNA is the primary genetic information carrier in almost all living organisms except for some RNA…

Q: List and describe the important proteins involved in transcription (that are found around the…

A: Introduction  Transcription: it is the formation of transcript or RNA, which can be coding or…

Q: A.Give the transcript that will be formed from this template. 3- TACGGGTTATATTCAATC-5" B.Give the…

A: The DNA is copied into RNA (transcript) by a process called transcription. It takes place inside the…

Q: List three important properties of RNA polymerase from E. coli.

A: RNA polymerase from E.coli consists of 5 subunits- two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, one beta…

Q: Describe the relationship between the promoters forsense and antisense RNAs of a gene

A: The promoter region present in the operon mainly consists of a binding site for RNA polymerase in…

Q: A high rate of transcription initiation in prokaryotes may be caused by

A: Genes which are present in the nucleus, transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell and the mRNA…

Q: Which of these mechanisms causes the TE to increase in number?

A: Transposable element(TE) basically refers to the DNA sequence capable of changing its location…

Q: A cDNA clone contains (a) introns (b) exons (c) anticodons (d) a and b (e) b and c

A: A gene is the essential physical and functional unit of heredity. They are comprised of DNA…

Q: Define about Double-Strand Break Repair in Eukaryotes ?

A: Double Strand Breaks occurs in DNA. It occurs when both the strands of DNA are damaged. These breaks…

Q: Explain why inserting 5 bp of DNA at the –50 position of a eukaryotic gene decreases the rate of RNA…

A: The process of transcription occurs in the nucleus, during which RNA molecule is synthesized from…

Q: This chapter describes different types of TEs, including insertionelements, simple transposons, LTR…

A: Transposable elements (TEs) are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences that move from one location to…

Q: PRDM9 recruits SPO11, a topoisomerase type II like protein for inducing DNA double strand breaks.…

A: *PRDM9 is a DNA binding and zinc finger protein that trimethylates histone H3K4 modification…

Q: Explain how mismatch repair fixes incorrectly matched base pairs.

A: During DNA synthesis, most DNA polymerases use a process is called proofreading to double-check…

Q: The Tus-ter complex can arrest replication fork in one direction only, why this is necessary or what…

A: The Tus-Ter complex serves to coordinate DNA replication with chromosome segregation in few…

Q: Describe several different functions of the RNA component of snRNPs

A: snRNPs are the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. It is a complex of RNA and proteins. snRNPs and…

Q: What is the probability that the palindromic symmetry of the trp repressor target DNA sequence is…

A: Palindromic sequences are the sequences present in the DNA double helix that are read the same from…

Q: Explain why mutations are more likely to occur on the lagging strand than on the leading strand in…

A: DNA is a long polymer of deoxyribonucleotides. It is an acidic substance present in the nucleus,…

Q: Explain why incoming DNA recognized by a shortRNA molecule expressed from the CRISPR region cannotbe…

A: The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) is used to protect the…

Q: What amino acid is coded by the original sequence (GTA) if the sequence refers to the template…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a molecule that holds the information that allows an organism to…

Q: 8. ----ATTATA--- ----TAATAT--- Fill in the polarity of the strands? Which strand is the coding…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Describe how specialized DNA polymerases are able to synthesizeDNA over a damaged region.

A: The hereditary unit of an organism is referred to as the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The DNA…

Q: Give two reason who both the standard of DNA are not copied during transcription?

A: DNA is the genetic material present inside the nucleus of the cell. The DNA is a double-stranded…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.