Consider this shock: Ax >0 in the real intertemporal model with investment. That is, an increase in credit market uncertainty (x↑). This shock causes all of the following except O a direct fall in investment (IL) O a reduction in the borrowing interest rate (r'!), which is equal to the sum ofr plus x O a contraction of the labor supply (N$L) a contraction of the output demand (Yd)
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- The following economic shock has occurred in this economy, ceteris paribus: Marginal propensity to import has increased Figure 1 W,J W1 E1 J1 Y1 Y (a) Represent this economic shock by drawing an appropriate new function in Figure 1. Mark w2 if the appropriate new function is a withdrawal function, or J2 if the appropriate new function is an injection function. (b) Indicate the following after the occurrence of the above economic shock in Figure 1: (i) the new equilibrium point as point E2, and (ii) the level of new equilibrium output as Y2Consider the IS-LM AD-AS model (with adaptive expectations). Assume that the economy is initially in a long-run equilibrium where output is at its natural level and prices are as expected by workers. (c) What is the impact of an adverse supply shock which forces firms to increase their markups on the evolution over time of the interest rate, the out- put level and the price level. Carefully explain the economics behind these dynamics. What is the long term effect of the adverse aggregate supply shock on the level of output?10. Which of the following are reasons why the short-run Aggregate Supply curve shown in the right-hand diagrams may be vertical? a) The economy at this level of real GDP would be operating beyond the full-employmetn level. b) Inflationary expectations have set-in so, the owners of resources are acting on these inflationary expectations and insisting on higher resource prices in anticipation of future products price inflation. c) Short-run Aggregate Suply in the Classical model is always constant. d) All the above e) Only (a) and (b) are true. f) None of the above.
- The following equations relate to a certain economy, peruse them and answer thefollowing questions.T = 0.75Y (tax rate)L= Y - 100r (Real money demand)M = 300 (Read money supply)C = 200 + 0.25Y d (Consumption function)I = 20 - 10r (Investment function)G = 30 (government purchases) i) Derive equations fro IS and LM curvesii) Determine the rand y pair at which the two markets are clearing iii) Compute the values of C, I and L.The consumption function of the economy of Macro-land is given by ? = 200 + 0.75(? − ?)The investment function is given by ? = 200 − 25? . Government purchases and taxes are both 100. (a) Find the equation of the IS curve (b) The money demand function in Macro-land is given byMd= ? − 100? The nominal money supply M is 1,000 and the price level is 2. Find the equation of theLM curve (c) Find the interest rate and income for which the goods and services and money marketsare simultaneously in equilibrium. (d) Suppose the government purchases are raised from 100 to 150. What are the newequilibrium interest rate and income? (e) Suppose that the money supply is raised from 1,000 to 1,200. What are the newequilibrium interest rate and national income? (f) How will fiscal expansion in the country (Macro-land) affect national income,employment, interest rate, price level and real money balance under the Keynesianaggregate supply condition? NB: Kindly answer all questionsSuppose the economy is in a long-run equilibrium. There is a simultaneous increase in the money supply, a tax cut, an increase in the level of investment confidence about future business conditions, and a depreciation of the Canadian dollar. In the short run, what would you expect to happen given a positively sloped SRAS curve? Select one: O a. The price level and real GDP will both increase. cross out O b. The price level and real GDP will both cross out decrease. O c. The price level and real GDP will both stay the cross out same. O d. The price level will increase, and the real GDP cross out will decrease. O e. The effect on the price level and real GDP is cross out indeterminate.
- 12. Consider starting from full-employment equilibrium in our Aggregate Demand and Supply model (with flexible wages and worker misperception of price level changes in the short run), at Po, QN on the output market graph below. Then we get an increase in Aggregate Demand from Agg D, to Agg D1. P LR Agg S SR Agg S. Agg D 1 Agg D. Q We can say that O at P1, Q1, we are in a recessionary gap. O in the long run Q will increase further above Q1 as employment increases (due to workers getting wage increases). O in the long run, P will increase further above P1 as workers finally get a full cost of living raise. ment O none of the other options. al Arts O in the long run, P and Q will return to their original levels when workers perceive the decrease in P. ementAccording to the Keynesian IS-LM model, what is the effect of the following shock on output, employment, real interest rate, consumption, and investment in the Short Run. A wave of credit-fraud increases the frequency with which people make transactions in cash. Output O A. increases B. stays unchanged O C. decreases Employment A. increases O B. decreases O C. stays unchanged Real interest rate O A. stays unchanged O B. increases O C. decreases Consumption O A. stays unchanged O B. decreases O C. increases Investment O A. decreases O B. increases O C. stays unchangedRefer to the graph to the right. The shift from AS, to AS, shown in the diagram is referred to as AS, AS, a(n) O A. decrease in unit costs. O B. negative aggregate supply shock. O. positive aggregate supply shock. OD. increase in unit costs. Real GDP Price Level
- You are hired by the Council of Economic Advisors (CEA) as an economic consultant.The chairperson of the CEA tells you that she believes the current unemployment rate istoo high. The unemployment rate can be reduced if aggregate output increases. She wantsto know what policy to pursue to increase aggregate output by 300 billion TL. The bestestimate she has for the MPC is 0.8. Which of the following policies should yourecommend?a) Increase government purchases by 75 billion TL.b) Reduce taxes by 75 billion TL.c) Reduce taxes by 75 billion TL and to increase government purchases by 75 billion TL.d) Reduce the budget deficit by 300 billion TLPlease no written by hand solution Consider a scenario of a closed economy in the short run where price level is fixed. Assume that bothtaxes and money supply increase in a way that keep output constant in equilibrium (suppose that themarginal propensity to consume is less than one). Which of the following may result from the policychange?a) It will lead to an increase in investment but a decrease in consumption.b) It will result in an increase in investment but a decrease in government spending.c) It will lead to an increase in investment and private saving.d) It will decrease investment but increase in public saving.Exercise 1 Consider the following scenario. Aggregate output y at date t is specified as follows, Yt = Tt – T +ỹ where the trend level of output is represented by y. The central bank's loss function is captured by L 2 (y: – k)² +(T) 2 Where b> 0, and where k > 0 is a given parameter reflecting the normal level of aggregate production or the target level of output. The central bank takes the public's expectations as given. The society loss function is the same as the central bank loss function. Notation: y;: output/production; T: inflation rate; n: expected inflation rate; L: loss function; b, k: constant parameters; t: time index.