Consider the list of pollution problems below and briefly discuss which of the options given above would be most applicable. Discuss the possibility or limitations of implementing the other options. a) Soil at a railroad station contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); b) Large emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and its contribution to greenhouse effect/climate change; c) Volatile organic compounds escaping from a stack; d) Ozone layer depletion; e) Radioactive wastes from a nuclear power plant; f) Chromium (VI) salts still used in "old" chemical processes;
Consider the list of pollution problems below and briefly discuss which of the options given above would be most applicable. Discuss the possibility or limitations of implementing the other options. a) Soil at a railroad station contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); b) Large emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and its contribution to greenhouse effect/climate change; c) Volatile organic compounds escaping from a stack; d) Ozone layer depletion; e) Radioactive wastes from a nuclear power plant; f) Chromium (VI) salts still used in "old" chemical processes;
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1LR
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![1. [Pollution prevention hierarchy] The EU Industrial Emissions Directive and associated
documents (BREFS and BAT conclusions) follow a similar rationale with priority on prevention.
This rationale is well represented by the following Pollution prevention hierarchy (see also
Lecture 2 slides):
The summary definition of each option is:
Source reduction: produce less pollution at the source (use less substance/potential
contaminant in the process) by any combination of strategies available;
●
●
Source Reduction → Recycling → Treatment → Disposal
(arrow indicates decreasing priority)
●
Recycling any reuse of a substance without requiring it to undergo a chemical
transformation is considered to be recycling. Unit operations based on physical changes
such as distillation and filtration can be used to recover the substance;
Treatment: includes physical, biological and chemical methods. Incineration can be
included in this category as a chemical method of treatment (oxidation);
Disposal: includes processed such as effluent release, deep-well injection, ocean dumping,
landfilling, and land farming.
Consider the list of pollution problems below and briefly discuss which of the options given
above would be most applicable. Discuss the possibility or limitations of implementing the other
options.
a) Soil at a railroad station contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs);
b) Large emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and its contribution to greenhouse
effect/climate change;
c) Volatile organic compounds escaping from a stack;
d) Ozone layer depletion;
e) Radioactive wastes from a nuclear power plant;
f) Chromium (VI) salts still used in "old" chemical processes;
g) Platinum catalyst in an industrial process;
h) Sulphuric acid waste from the pharmaceutical industry.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fde55ad6b-27eb-44c5-bca1-afdb32f2dfc7%2F278f783b-9029-4b76-bc8d-93d64664242c%2F3zb4vjfpht_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:1. [Pollution prevention hierarchy] The EU Industrial Emissions Directive and associated
documents (BREFS and BAT conclusions) follow a similar rationale with priority on prevention.
This rationale is well represented by the following Pollution prevention hierarchy (see also
Lecture 2 slides):
The summary definition of each option is:
Source reduction: produce less pollution at the source (use less substance/potential
contaminant in the process) by any combination of strategies available;
●
●
Source Reduction → Recycling → Treatment → Disposal
(arrow indicates decreasing priority)
●
Recycling any reuse of a substance without requiring it to undergo a chemical
transformation is considered to be recycling. Unit operations based on physical changes
such as distillation and filtration can be used to recover the substance;
Treatment: includes physical, biological and chemical methods. Incineration can be
included in this category as a chemical method of treatment (oxidation);
Disposal: includes processed such as effluent release, deep-well injection, ocean dumping,
landfilling, and land farming.
Consider the list of pollution problems below and briefly discuss which of the options given
above would be most applicable. Discuss the possibility or limitations of implementing the other
options.
a) Soil at a railroad station contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs);
b) Large emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and its contribution to greenhouse
effect/climate change;
c) Volatile organic compounds escaping from a stack;
d) Ozone layer depletion;
e) Radioactive wastes from a nuclear power plant;
f) Chromium (VI) salts still used in "old" chemical processes;
g) Platinum catalyst in an industrial process;
h) Sulphuric acid waste from the pharmaceutical industry.
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