Consider delivering a series of packets from a sending host to a receiving host along a specified path. List the delay components in the end-to-end delay of a single packet. Which delays are constant and which are variable?
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- It is possible for a series of packets to be sent from one host to another over the same connection. Please break down the time it takes for a single package to go from beginning to conclusion. Is it expected that one of the delays would last a certain period of time while the other delay's length will be more malleable?It is possible for a series of packets to be sent from one host to another over the same route. Please break down the time it takes for a single package to go from beginning to conclusion. Is it expected that one of the delays would last a certain period of time and the other delay's length will be more variable?It is possible for a series of packets to be sent from one host to another utilizing the same route between the hosts. Please break down the time it takes for a single package to go from beginning to conclusion. Is it expected that one of the delays would last for a certain period of time, while the other delay's length remains open?
- Consider the figure below in which a TCP sender and receiver communicate over a connection in which the sender->receiver segments may be lost. The TCP sender sends an initial window of 5 segments. Suppose the initial value of the sender->receiver sequence number is 362 and the first 5 segments each contain 638 bytes. The delay between the sender and receiver is 7 time units, and so the first segment arrives at the receiver at t=8. As shown in the figure below, 3 of the 5 segment(s) are lost between the segment and receiver.Consider sending a 3500-byte datagram that has arrived at a router R₁ that needs to be sent over a link that has an MTU size of 1000 bytes to R2. Then it has to traverse a link with an MTU of 600 bytes. Let the identification number of the original datagram be 465. How many fragments are delivered at the destination? Show the parameters associated with each of these fragments.A link between two hosts may carry many packets at once. Please give a timetable outlining all the tasks that must be completed to complete one shipment. Is it expected that one of the delays would take a fixed period of time, while the other delay's length may be modified as needed?
- It is theoretically feasible for two hosts to communicate with one another by sending packets back and forth over the same connection. Please enumerate all of the components that are responsible for the overall amount of time required to process a single packet, starting to end. Is it to be anticipated that one of the delays will continue for a certain amount of time, while the duration of the other delay will be more unpredictable?Give outcome of the given scenario: It only permits a user send five packets to its destination at once. Before the sender sends the sixth packet, the sender should wait for the first packet's ACK.An HTTP client opens a TCP connection using an initial sequence number (ISN) of 14,534 and the ephemeral port number of 59,100. The server opens the connection with an ISN of 21,732. Show the three TCP segments during the connection establishment if the client defines the rwnd of 4000 and the server defines the rwnd of 5000. Ignore the calculation of the checksum field.
- Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received all bytes up through byte 100 (including Byte 100) from A. Suppose Host A then sends two packets to Host B back-to-back. The first and second packets contain 40 and 80 bytes of data, respectively. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a packet from Host A. a. What is the sequence number of the first packet sent from Host A to Host B? What is the sequence number of the second packet sent from Host A to Host B? b. If the second packet arrives before the first packet, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving packet, what is the acknowledgment number? .Consider the Go-Back-N (GBN) and Selective Repeat (SR) protocols with a sender window size of 4 and a sequence number range of 1024. For each of these protocols, describe what happens for the following cases: The first packet in the sender window size is lost before reaching the destination. All transmitted packets reached the destination except the third one. Only the first and last packets in the sender window size reached the destination. Only the ACKs of the first and last packets, in the sender window size, reached the destination.Question 7 Consider the Go-back-N protocol with a sequence number space {0,1,2,3} and a window size N=3, and suppose that the sender wants to send 7 packets in total (excluding retransmissions), where the first packet sent will get sequence number 0. Assume that the 2-nd packet sent by the sender as well as the first ACK with a sequence number of 2 are both lost. All other messages arrive within 1 unit of time, and the sender uses a timeout value of 4 time units before initiating a retransmission. You can assume that the sender sends all packets as soon as possible and we neglect the transmission delay. • List all sequence numbers in the exact order in which they arrive at the receiver. (Note that this includes sequence numbers of packets sent in retransmission.) • What are the values of the send_base and the rcv_base variables after the sender has received the ack for its final packet?