Consider an economy that may be represented by the following short-run IS-LM model described by equations (1) through (6): (1) C 200+ 0.8(Y-T) (2) T = 800 (3) G= 500 (4) 1 700 - 25 r (5) Y=C+I+G (6) M/P = 0.6Y - 60r where the nominal money supply is M-600 and the price level is P = 1. Suppose that the government increases its expenditures by 100 units, but the Bank of Canada would like to maintain the interest rate constant. Then, (approximately)
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- =0. An economy is described by the following equations: AD: SRAS: Okun's law: Y = 4000 + 2(M/P) Y = ybar + 100(P-P) (Y-ybar)/ybar =-2(u-ubar). Assume ybar 6000 and ubar=0.05. = A) Suppose that the nominal money supply has long been at M = 4000 and is expected by the public to remain constant forever. The equilibrium value of P is The equilibrium value of P is, The equilibrium value of Y is, The equilibrium value of u is The equilibrium value of x is, (2 points each) B) A totally unexpected increase in in the money supply occurs, raising it from 4000 to 5250. [Part B is for extra credit] The short run equilibrium value of P is The short run equilibrium value of Pe is_ The short run equilibrium value of Y is The short run equilibrium value of u is. The value of unanticipated inflation, which is defined as (P-P)/P, is, The value of the slope of the short-run Phillips curve is (2 points each)In a particular economy the real money demand function is Real Interest Rate, r (%) 0.451 M 0.40- 3,000 + 0.10Y-9,000i. P 0.35- Assume that M = 7,000 and P = 2. Initially, expected inflation, zewas 0.02. Initially, when Y= 8000, the real interest rate of 0.013 cleared the asset market and when Y = 9000, the real interest rate of 0.024 cleared the asset market. The initial LM curve is drawn as 0.30- 0.25 0.20- LM,. 0.15- Now suppose that the expected inflation rate increases to 0.03. Using the new expected inflation rate, calculate the real interest rate that clears the asset market when Y = 8000. (Enter your answer in decimals, rounded to three decimals.) D. This is point C. 0.10- LM, 0.05- 0.00+ 7 8 10 Output, Y (thousands)The supply of credit cards is given by q = 1400X, where X are real credit card balances, q isthe real price of the credit card balance. You also know that R = 0.05 (nominal interest rate)and P = 100. Answer the following questions about this:(a) If the money supply is M s= $5, 000, if P = 100 is the equilibrium price level, find Y (realoutput).(b) Suppose that the Federal Reserve Bank decides to increase the money supply by 10%.How much is the inflation rate as a result? Explain and justify your answer. (c) Further suppose that at the same time, real output, Y , increases by 10%. Now what isthe inflation rate? Does our quantity theory of money hold here? Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.
- At the end of September, a barrel of light crude oil sold for almost $70 compared to a price near $30 a barrel in January 9f 2004. To answer the following questions,assume bind traders expect inflation to rise from 3% in 2005 to 5% in both 2006 and 2007. Also traders expect the American economy to enter a recession in 2007. Assume the prior to the recent run up oil prices, bond traders had expected inflation to remain stable in 2006 and 2007 at 3%. Using a model of supply and demand for one year T-Bills, illustrate and explain the impact of a recession ( a business cycle contraction) if bond traders expect that this recession will occur in 2007,what do you expect to happen to yields on one year T- Bills in 2007?10 - Which of the following depends on the demand for money, which we say just in case and for this purpose?A) IncomeB) to KeynesC) to the economyD) to interestE) InvestmentConsider an economy with a constant nominal money supply, a constant level of real outout Y= 400, and a constant real interest rate r 10%. Suppose that the income elasticity of money demand is 1.20 and the interest elasticity of money demand is-0.10. a. By what percentage does the equilibrium price level differ from its initial value if output increases to Y 480.00 (and rremaine at 10%)? %AP= (enter your result as a percentage rounded to two decimal places). b. By what percentage does the equilibrium price level differ from its initial value if the real interest increases to r-12.50% (and Y remaina at 400)? %AP (enter your result as a percentage rounded to two decimal placea). c. Suppose that the real interest rate inoreases to re 12.50%. By what percentage would real output have to increase for the equilibrium price level to remain at its initial value? %AY- T(enter your reault an a percentage rounded to two decimal places)
- Consider the following short-run IS-LM model with income taxation. The economy is described by equations (1) through (6): (1) C= 500 +0.75(Y - T) (2) T = 800 (3) G = 550 (4) 1 700 30 r (5) Y=C+I+G (6) M/P = 0.6Y60r where the nominal money supply M-1200 and the price level is P = 2. Then, in the short run, the equilibrium output for the economy is given by (approximately): 24.14 Y*=2636.80 Y*=2245.00 Y*=1900.00 hAssume that the money demand function is (M/P)^d= 2200 – 20000OI, where i is the interest rate. The real money supply is 1000. The equilibrium interest rate is: a. 2% b. 4% C. 6% d. 8% e. none of the abovesSuppose an economy where nominal interest rate is 20%, expected inflation is 10%, rate of depreciation is 10%, capital stock as of the previous period is 50, the flexible accelerator model holds, and the relationship between capital stock and its value of marginal product is depicted in the table below: K 150 200 250 300 350 100 1 VMP 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Question 8. What is the real interest rate? Question 9. What is the rental cost of capital? Question 10. What is the desired capital stock? Question 11. What is investment in the current period if λ is 0.50?
- Suppose that an economy has a constant nominal money supply, a constant level of real output Y = 1500, and a constant real interest rate r = 0.05, and it’s expected rate of inflation is 2%, i.e, πe = .02. Suppose that the income elasticity of money demand is ηY = 0.5 and the interest elasticity of demand ηi = –0.2. (a) Suppose that Y decreases to 1425, r remains constant at 0.05 and there is no change in the expected rate of inflation. What is the percentage change in the equilibrium price level? (b) Suppose that r increases to 0.06 and Y remains at 1500. Assuming that expected inflation remains at πe = .02, what is the percentage change in the equilibrium price level? (c) Suppose that r increases to 0.06. Assuming that πe = .02, what would real output have to be for the equilibrium price level to remain at its initial value?Assume that money demand takes the form M P = Y[1 - (r +n e )] where Y = 1000 and r = 0.1. a. Assume that, in the short run, 1 e is constant and equal to 25%. Calculate the amount of seignorage for each rate of money growth, AM/M, listed below. i. 25% ii. 50% iii. 75% b. In the medium run, n e = n = AM/M. Compute the amount of seignorage associated with the three rates of money growth in part (a). Explain why the answers differ from those in part (a).(Reliquefication). Consider a Cagan-type economy in which the demand for money is of the form = (1 + i,)¯"Y Pt for t= 0, 1, 2, ..., where M denotes the demand for nominal money balances, P, the price level, the nominal interest rate, Y real output, and 7> 1 is a parameter. Suppose that the Fisher equation it holds and that the real interest rate is constant and equal to r> 0. Suppose further that economic agents have rational expectations. The money growth rate is u > 0 for t T. Compare tT under the stabilization program studied here and explain why they are or they are not equal to each other. 2. In class, we showed that if n> 1, the central bank can avoid deflation in period Tby increasing the money supply just in period T at a rate ũ > µ. We called this feature of the stabilization program reliquefication. Find ũ in the present environment as a function of u and 7 and compare it to the one obtained in class. Provide intuition.