Consider a household with the following utility function representing their preferences over consumption: U = u(Ct) + Bu(C++1) with u(C) = − exp(−aC), BE (0,1), a > 0 where C+ and C++1 represent consumption in the current and future periods, respectively.
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- Suppose a household has the following lifetime utility function: U=c1/2 + ẞc¹/2 12tt+1 A) Find expressions for the partial derivatives of lifetime utility, U, with respect to period t and period t + 1 consumption. Is marginal utility of consumption in both periods always positive? B) Find expressions for the second derivatives of lifetime utility with respect to period t and t+1 consumption, i.e., 2U and a 20_Are these second derivatives always negative for ac²²+1 any positive values of period t and t+1 consumption? C) Derive an expression for the indifference curve associated with lifetime utility level Uo (i.e., derive an expression for C++₁ as a function of U₁ and c). What is the slope of the indifference curve? How does the magnitude of the slope vary with the value of c?Assume that someone has inherited 2,000 bottles of wine from a rich uncle. He or she intends to drink these bottles over the next 40 years. Suppose that this person’s utility function for wine is given by u(c(t)) = (c(t))0.5, where c(t) is each instant t consumption of bottles. Assume also this person discounts future consumption at the rate δ = 0.05. Hence this person’s goal is to maximize 0ʃ40 e–0.05tu(c(t))dt = 0ʃ40 e–0.05t(c(t))0.5dt. Let x(t) represent the number of bottle of wine remaining at time t, constrained by x(0) = 2,000, x(40) = 0 and dx(t)/dt = – c(t): the stock of remaining bottles at each instant t is decreased by the consumption of bottles at instant t. The current value Hamiltonian expression yields: H = e–0.05t(c(t))0.5 + λ(– c(t)) + x(t)(dλ/dt). This person’s wine consumption decreases at a continuous rate of ??? percent per year. The number of bottles being consumed in the 30th year is approximately ???Analysing Utility Function and Household Optimization Consider a household with the following utility function representing their preferences over consumption: with U = u(C) + Bu(C++1) u(C) = exp(-aC), BE (0,1), a>0 where Ct and Ct+1 represent consumption in the current and future periods, respectively. The household faces a two-period decision problem. They receive endowments of Yt and Yt+1 in the current and future periods, respectively. The real interest rate is denoted by rt. Notice: The utility function u(C) takes on negative values for all positive consumption levels. However, in economic models, the absolute value of utility is less important than how utility changes with consumption. A higher level of utility represents a more preferred outcome for the household. Solving for Current Consumption Demand Function Solve for the household's demand function for current consumption (Ct). Express Ct as a function of Yt, Yt+1, rt, and the parameters ẞ and a. Discuss what happens to Ct…
- Anna has endowment 1500 now and 500 later. Internet rate is 2.0%. She prefers smooth consumption to time (i.e., u0=u1=u). a. Assume utility function, u(c)= log c. What are the optimal consumption c0and c1if Anna's beta=1, and she wants to maximize her utility? b. Now assume that the utility function, u(c)=c0.5. If everything else remains the same as Problem 1(a), what are the optimal consumption c0and c1if Anna wants to maximize her utility?The vending machine in Katherine's office building offers cans of pop and candies. Katherine's utility function is U = 3PC, where P is the amount of pop consumed per %3D week and C is the amount of candy consumed per week. Pop costs $1 and candy costs $0.5 per bag. If Katherine has $10 to spend, she will consume A bags of candy.Consider the two period consumption savings problem faced by an individual whose utility is defined on period consumption. This utility function u(c) has the properties that it is strictly increasing and concave, u'(c) > 0, u"(c) < 0 (where u'(c) denotes the first derivative while u"(c) represents the second derivative) and satisfies the Inada condition lim.-→0 u'(c) approaches zero). The individual's lifetime utility is give by u(cı) + Bu(c2). In the first period of life, the individual has y1 units of income that can be either consumed or saved. In order to save, the individual must purchase bonds at a price of q units of the consumption good per bond. Each of these bonds returns a single unit of the consumption good in period 2. Total savings through bond purchases is s1 so that total expenditures on purchasing bonds is qs1. Let c1 denote the amount of consumption in period 1 chosen by the individual. In the second period of life, consumption in the amount c2 is financed out of the…
- 6. If intertemporal preferences are consistent and the lifetime utility function is additive, then the discount function 8(t) must be (a) bounded (b) exponential (c) hyperbolic (d) linear (e) logarithmicClare is contemplating her possible consumption patter for this year and next. She know that she will have income of $50,000 this year and $55,000 next yea. Her plan is to consume $40,000 this year (t=0). She is also going to invest 30,000. This investment has a positive NPV of $450. She decides to take the investment; in addition, the return on the investment is 9.62%. What consumption she can expect at t=1? (show a detailed procedure)2. Mr. A has the following utility function and budget constraints: Max 0.1Ln(C1) + 0.7Ln(C2) Subject to S1 + C1 = 100 C2 + S2 = (1 + r)S1 where C1 and C2 are consumption level at young and that at old respectively. Likewise, S1 and S2 are saving at young and saving at old respectively. a) Find out Mr. A’s optimal consumption levels (i.e. C1*, C2*) and optimal savings (i.e. S1*, S2*) in terms of interest rate r. b) Show clearly the results in part a) in a suitable diagram (with C1 as x-axis and C2 as y-axis). c) Is Mr. A a saver ? or a borrower ? d) If r is equal to 0 (i.e. saving gives no returns), will Mr. A still choose to save when he is young (i.e. is S1 still bigger than 0) ? Why ? e) Suppose that Mr. A is not allowed to save (i.e. S1 = 0). What are his optimal consumption levels ? Show his optimal consumption levels in the same diagram you prepare for part a) (with a suitable indifference curve). f) If r increases,…
- Rodrigo is taking a year between high school and college to work and save up. His utility from consumption each year is U(c) = discounts future utility by B. Rodrigo is going to make $I his year of working, and whatever he doesn't consume from that income will a savings account which will earn return r before he consumes next year. He has to pay for school expenses E in year two, before he consumes (but after return has been realized). 1-o and he go intoA consumer's consumption-utility function for a two period horizon is 0.5 U(Cg,G) =C,G" he consumer's earned income stream is given by mo, m1 and the market rate of interest is r. a) Write the intertemporal budget constraint in present value terms. If the consumer does not consume anything in peripd 0, what is the most she can consume in period 1? b) Draw a graph that shows optimal consumption in each period co* and c1*. What is the slope of her budget line? c) Solve the problem for optimal consumption in each period co* and c;*. d) Suppose mọ is S50 and mị is S110 and r = 0.1. Is the consumer a borrower or a lender? Show this outcome by drawing co*. C1*, mo, mį, and bond-holdings on your graph.Consider the problem of a consumer who chooses between consuming goods and enjoying leisure in the current and future periods. Denote the consumption and leisure in the current period as C and l, and the consumption and leisure in the future period as C′ and l′, respectively. The preference is summarized by the following utility function: U(C,C′,l,l′)=lnC+ψlnl+β(lnC′ +ψlnl′). This individual is endowed with h units of time in each period. Wage rate per unit of labour time is w and w′ in the current and future period. In addition, the consumer receives profit transfer π and π′ and pays lump-sum taxes T and T′ in the current and future periods. Denote the saving in the current period as Sp. Answer the following questions. Derive the life-time budget constraint of this consumer. Set up the consumer’s problem. Solve for consumption (C and C′), leisure (l and l′), and saving (Sp). How does an increase in wage rate w affect C, Sp, and l?