Compute diffusion coefficients for the interdiffusion of carbon in both (a) a-iron (BCC) and (b) y-iron (FCC) at 975°C. Assume that Do for the interdiffusion of carbon in a-iron and in y-iron are 1.1 x 106 and 2.3 x 105 m²/s, respectively, and that Qu are 80 and 148 kJ/mol, respectively. (a) (b) m²/s m²/s
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- (a) Pure iron has a change in crystal structure from BCC to FCC when heating up above 912°C. If the atomic radius of an Fe atom is 0.124 nm, calculate the volumes of the FCC and BCC unit cells. (b)Recall that there are two atoms per BCC unit cell, and four atoms per FCC unit cell. With this information in mind, calculate the percent change in volume of a sample of pure Fe as it transforms from an FCC to a BCC structure upon cooling below 912°C. Specify if this percent change manifests as an increase or decrease in volume of the sample.(a) A hypothetical compound MB2 crystallises in the rutile lattice structure. (i) Draw the lattice structure of the unit cell MB2. (ii) Show by calculation that the stoichiometry of the formula is consistent with the structure. (iii) Determine the coordination number of the MB₂ unit cell.Some oxide superconductors adopt a crystal structure similar to that of perovskite (CaTiO3). The unit cell is cubic with a Ti4+ ion in each corner, a Ca2+ ion in the body center, and O2- ions at the midpoint of each edge. (a) Is this unit cell simple, body-centered, or face-centered? (b) If the unit cell edge length is 3.84 Å, what is the density of perovskite (in g/cm3)?
- Question Seven (a) For refractory ceramic materials, cite two characteristics that improve with and two characteristics that are adversely affected by increasing porosity. (b) Show that the minimum cation-to-anion radius ratio for a coordination number of 4 is 0.225. (Hint: Use the AX crystal structure, assuming the anion spheres touch in plane). (c) The unit cell for Al>O; has hexagonal symmetry with lattice parameters a = 0.4759 nm and c 1.2 nm. If the density of this material is equal to 3.99 g/cm' and is calculated according to the formuka n'(EAc+ EA) VcNA Calculate the atormic packing factor for Al>O1, given that the ionic radius for AI is 0.053 nm and i 0' is 0.140 nm. Take N = 6.023 x 1023 atoms'mole. (d) Mention any three industrial ceramics and indicate their applications.An ideal quantum dot for use in TVs does not contain anycadmium due to concerns about disposal. One potentialmaterial for this purpose is InP, which adopts the zinc blende (ZnS) structure (face-centered cubic). The unit celledge length is 5.869 Å. (a) If the quantum dot is shaped likea cube, how many of each type of atom are there in a cubiccrystal with an edge length of 3.00 nm? 5.00 nm? (b) Ifone of the nanoparticles in part (a) emits blue light and theother emits orange light, which color is emitted by the crystalwith the 3.00-nm edge length? With the 5.00-nm edgelength?The thermal and mechanical processing of materials is an important step in ensuring that they have the appropriate physical properties for their intended application. Suppose a metallic element undergoes a phase transit ion in which its crystal structure changes from cubic close-packed to bodycentredcubic. (a) Does it become more or less dense? (b) By what factor does its density change?
- estion Four Explain why the average density of metals is higher than that of ceramics or polymers i.e pmetals > (a) Peramics > Ppolymers. (b) Copper crystallises as FCC (face centred cubic). Given that the atomic radius and mass of a given copper sample are 1.28 x 10:10 m and 64.15 g respectively, calculate the density of the copper sample. Take Avogadro's number, NA = 6.023 x 1023 atoms/mole. (c) The linear density, LD, of an atom is given by the equation = Natoms where Natoms is the Ldv number of atoms and Lav is the unit length of the direction vector, both taken on a particular plane. Calculate the linear density of an aluminium atom with a lattice parameter of 4.05 x 1010 m and in a [110] direction. (d) Using neat sketches, show the difference between a triclinic and hexagonal crystal systems.Sketch the band structure of a Li AND a Si crystal. (ii) How would you expect the electrical conductivity in Li AND Si crystals to vary with temperature? (iii) Account for the fact that the conductivity of Si is enhanced by the addition of small amounts of B.Which of the following alloys does not contain copper? (A) Bronze (B) Pewter (C) Sterling silver (D) None of them
- An ideal quantum dot for use in TVs does not contain anycadmium due to concerns about disposal. One potentialmaterial for this purpose is InP, which adopts the zincblende (ZnS) structure (face-centered cubic). The unit celledge length is 5.869 Å. (a) If the quantum dot is shaped likea cube, how many of each type of atom are there in a cubiccrystal with an edge length of 3.00 nm? 5.00 nm? (b) Ifone of the nanoparticles in part (a) emits blue light and theother emits orange light, which color is emitted by the crystalwith the 3.00-nm edge length? With the 5.00-nm edgelength?4) What is metallic glass? Describe the features that promote high glass-forming ability in metals.Chromium (Cr) has a BCC crystal structure. The atomic radius of Cr is 0.1249 nm. (a) Compute the linear density of the [110] direction of the single crystal Cr; (b) Compute the planar density of the (110) plane of the single crystal Cr.