Choose an answer in the bracket Why does the yield decrease when the concentration of Fe3+Fe3+ is above or below the optimal value of 0.5 mg/L?0.5 mg/L? A low level of Fe3+Fe3+ supports the optimal activity of [pyruvate dehydogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aconitase, citrate synthase] which contains Fe3+.

Biochemistry
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ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
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Why does the yield decrease when the concentration of Fe3+Fe3+ is above or below the optimal value of 0.5 mg/L?0.5 mg/L?
A low level of Fe3+Fe3+ supports the optimal activity of [pyruvate dehydogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aconitase, citrate synthase] which contains Fe3+.
Manufacturers use citric acid as a flavoring agent in soft drinks, fruit juices, and many other foods. Worldwide, the market for
citric acid is valued at hundreds of millions of dollars per year. Commercial production uses the mold Aspergillus niger, which
metabolizes sucrose under carefully controlled conditions.
The yield of citric acid strongly depends on the concentration of FeCl3 in the culture medium, as indicated in the graph.
Yield of citric acid (%)
90
80
70
60
50
1
2
3
[FeCl,] (mg/L)
4
5
Transcribed Image Text:Manufacturers use citric acid as a flavoring agent in soft drinks, fruit juices, and many other foods. Worldwide, the market for citric acid is valued at hundreds of millions of dollars per year. Commercial production uses the mold Aspergillus niger, which metabolizes sucrose under carefully controlled conditions. The yield of citric acid strongly depends on the concentration of FeCl3 in the culture medium, as indicated in the graph. Yield of citric acid (%) 90 80 70 60 50 1 2 3 [FeCl,] (mg/L) 4 5
Place the equations on the appropriate side of each step to show the sequence of reactions by which A. niger can synthesize
citric acid from sucrose.
sucrose + H₂O
glucose + 2P; + 2 ADP + 2 NAD+
2 pyruvate + 2 NAD+ + 2 COA
2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2H₂O
2 pyruvate + 2 CO₂ + 2 ATP + 2 H₂O
2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2H+ + 2H₂O
2 oxaloacetate + 2 ADP + 2 P; + 4H+
2 citrate + 2 CoA
Answer Bank
2 acetyl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 CO₂
2 acetyl-CoA + 2 oxaloacetate + 2 H₂O
glucose + fructose
fructose + 2 P; + 2 ADP + NAD+
Transcribed Image Text:Place the equations on the appropriate side of each step to show the sequence of reactions by which A. niger can synthesize citric acid from sucrose. sucrose + H₂O glucose + 2P; + 2 ADP + 2 NAD+ 2 pyruvate + 2 NAD+ + 2 COA 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2H₂O 2 pyruvate + 2 CO₂ + 2 ATP + 2 H₂O 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2H+ + 2H₂O 2 oxaloacetate + 2 ADP + 2 P; + 4H+ 2 citrate + 2 CoA Answer Bank 2 acetyl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 CO₂ 2 acetyl-CoA + 2 oxaloacetate + 2 H₂O glucose + fructose fructose + 2 P; + 2 ADP + NAD+
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