When the alkyl bromides (listed here) were subjected to hydrolysis in a mixture of ethanol and water (80% EtOH/20% H2O) at 55 °C, the rates of the reaction showed the following order: (CH3)3CBR > CH3Br > CH3CH2Br > (CH3)2CHBR Provide an explanation for this order of reactivity.
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- Br Brz CH3 CH3 H3C CH2CI2 H3C Br Electrophilic addition of bromine, Br2; to alkenes yields a 1,2-dibromoalkane. The reaction proceeds through a cyclic intermediate known as a bromonium ion. The reaction occurs in an anhydrous solvent such as CH,Cl). In the second step of the reaction, bromide is the nucleophile and attacks at one of the carbons of the bromonium ion to yield the product. Due to steric clashes, the bromide ion always attacks the carbon from the opposite face of the bromonium ion so that a product with anti stereochemistry is formed. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions Br: :Br: .CH3 H3C H3C CH3 Br:If anhydrides react like acid chlorides with the nucleophiles, draw the products formed when each of the following nucleophiles reacts with benzoic anhydride [(C6H5CO)2O]: (a) CH3MgBr (2 equiv), then H2O; (b) LiAlH4, then H2O; (c) LiAlH[OC(CH3)3]3, then H2O.6. Complete reaction scheme below indicating reagents, catalysts and conditions, and side product trigil bezinslog si6101fon 290b 1l (b Senines levirba 6 gaubong nasamots gniwollot ads to doinW 01 sniowl (6 CH3 40 CH3 Scansgowi (d Ege nodie) ( nsgyxo (b NO₂ 19m02 2i gniwollet sits to mainW II HO
- Provide the mechanism for the following reaction (1) PhMgBr (2 equiv) (2) H3O+ workup OHb) Listed below are several hypothetical nucleophilic substitution reactions. None is synthetically useful because the product indicated is not formed at an appreciable rate. In each case provide an explanation for the failure of the reaction to take place as indicated. OMe HO + OMe + OH HO + CH; OH7В. (2 Draw the structure of the product, substrate or condition in the following reactions (should clearly indicate the stereochemistry). (а) OH (b) OsO vaHSO3 (c) 1) (sia)2 BH 2) NaOH/H,O2 H20 (d) HBr (2 equiv) Br, Br Hint: This is the only product formed (e) Br Br2 H20 OH (f)
- .Which one of the following molecules can react as electrophile in reactions with alkenes? CH3OH NaCI HCI KCN NaCI O HCI O KCN O CH3OHIdentify the reagents nacessary to accomplish cach of the following transformations. Choose the correct reagents from the following list: CH;CH;COCI, AICI, Fuming H3SO4 CH:CH;CI, AICla SOCI, Pyridine dilute H,S0. Zn(H, HCI, heat (CH:)2CHC, AICI; HNO, HaSO4 Enter the correct letter for sach stap of the reaction in the boxes below. (Reagents con be usad more than once) Step A: Step B: Step C:(c) The structures of lycopene, beta-carotene and retinol are shown below. Lycopene Beta-carotene H3C CH; CH3 CH3 OH Retinol (vitamin A) CH3 Using appropriate reaction mechanisms: (i) Show how lycopene is converted into beta-carotene. (ii) Briefly explain how retinol is formed from beta-carotene.
- 35) What is the correct order of reagents to achieve the following synthesis? A) i) NH2NH2, H3O* (aq); ii) NaOH (aq) & A Reactant structure: Target molecule: B) i) LIAIH«, THF; ii) H2O & A C) i) NABH4, EtOH; ii) H2O & A CH3 CH3 D) i) DIBAL-H ii) H3O* (aq) & AConsider the reaction scheme below. (i) H3COCHN CO₂Et A H₂N OH EtO OEt B C6H₁1 NO2 base Ha Identify the reagent(s) and conditions A and the intermediate B in this reaction scheme.What reagents are needed to synthesize the following bromides? Br Br Provide the major organic products obtained from the following reactions. a) SN1 CH;OH methanol b) DMF TsO Et CH;COONA SN2 Br, light