Below are schematics of two cell signalling pathways. Based on these diagrams,which of the following statements are likely true? Choose only the best answer.Cell 1Receptor 1✓Adenylyl cyclaseVCAMPVProtein kinase A✓Protein kinaseVResponse 1Receptor 2✓Protein kinaseVProtein kinaseVResponse 2Cell 2Only Cell 1 contains a relay molecule.The receptor of Cell 1 must be a receptor tyrosine kinase.All of the other statements are likely true.There is likely greater amplification of the signal in Cell 1.Receptor 3Protein kinase

Cell signaling begins at the cell's axon, the extended fiber component of a nerve cell where…

Below are schematics of two cell signalling pathways. Based on these diagrams, which of the following statements are likely true? Choose only the best answer. Cell 1 Receptor 1 Adenylyl cyclase V CAMP Protein kinase A V Protein kinase V Response 1 Receptor 2 Protein kinase Protein kinase Response 2 Cell 2 Only Cell 1 contains a relay molecule. The receptor of Cell 1 must be a receptor tyrosine kinase. All of the other statements are likely true. There is likely greater amplification of the signal in Cell 1. Receptor 3 Protein kinase

Below are schematics of two cell signalling pathways. Based on these diagrams, which of the following statements are likely true? Choose only the best answer. Cell 1 Receptor 1 Adenylyl cyclase V CAMP Protein kinase A V Protein kinase V Response 1 Receptor 2 Protein kinase Protein kinase Response 2 Cell 2 Only Cell 1 contains a relay molecule. The receptor of Cell 1 must be a receptor tyrosine kinase. All of the other statements are likely true. There is likely greater amplification of the signal in Cell 1. Receptor 3 Protein kinase

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1VCQ: Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Why do we need to identify and determine the function of every single molecule involved in cell signalling? Provide one concrete example of an application of an elucidated cascade of events in cell signalling. (The answer should be no less than 300 words)
Put the following steps for the outline of the growth factor signaling pathway in order: Map Kinase Kinase is Phosphorylated Proteins involved in gene transcription are activated Growth factor binds to its receptor in the cytoplasmic membrane Receptor recruits adaptor protein and GEF Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the receptor Structural change of the receptor activates Tyrosine Kinase Map Kinase Kinase Kinase is phosphorylated Ras, a small GTPase, is activated by the exchange of GTP for GDP Map Kinase is Phosphorylated Map Kinase enters the nucleus
Working out the order in which the individual components in a signaling pathway act is an essential step in defining the pathway. Imagine that two protein kinases, PK1 and PK2, act sequentially in a kinase cascade. When either kinase is completely inactivated, cells do not respond to the normal extracellular signal. By contrast, cells containing a mutant form of PK1 that is permanently active respond even in the absence of an extracellular signal. Double mutant cells that contain inactivated PK2 and permanently active PK1 respond in the absence of a signal. Draw out the signaling pathway in a wild-type cell. What outcome is predicted for a double mutant cell with an activating mutation in PK2 and an inactivating mutation in PK1? Explain your reasoning
G protein coupled receptors play an important role in signal transduction in many cells. Label the four essential components of the G protein coupled receptor signaling system (blanks a-d in the picture) by choosing from the menus below. a b b Each answer will be used at most once, while some will not be used at all (select one for each): Group of answer choices transcription factor с transcription factor Show Transcribed Text d transcription factor B C. transcription factor G protein second messenger G protein second messenger IE G protein second messenger G protein second messenger receptor receptor receptor receptor enzyme enzyme enzyme enzyme steroid hormone steroid hormone steroid hormone steroid hormone
You are studying the role of CAMP in cell signaling. You hypothesize that 2 intracellular signaling proteins, named GO and TIGERS, interact with each other when cells are treated with an extracellular source of CAMP. The two proteins were tagged with CFP or YFP (CFP = cyan fluorescent protein; YFP = yellow fluorescent protein). CFP is excited by 435 nm light and emits lights at 480 nm. YFP is excited by 480 nm light and emits light at 535 nm. 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 600 Fluorescence 400 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 Fluorescence Intensity 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 Figure Legend. A. Cells expressing GO-CFP irradiate with 435 nm light. B. Cells expressing TIGERS-YFP and irradiated with 435 nm light. C. Cells expressing TIGERS- YFP and irradiated with 480 nm light. D. Cells expressing GO-CFP and TIGERS-YFP and irradiated with 435 nm light. E. Cells expressing GO-CFP and…
Which of the following are activated either directly or indirectly by a heterotrimeric G protein subunit (select all that apply)? O IP, receptor O PIP3-dependent protein kinase O Protein Kinase A O Akt O Phospholipase C O Adenylyl cyclase O Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
1. Based on the following description, draw the cell signaling pathway described (you only need to draw the pathway in one cell, but show the type of signaling described – you may need 2 diagrams). Compound X is released from cells in the pancreas and activates cells in the liver. What general type of cell signaling is this? When compound X binds its receptor on a liver cell, some of the amino acids (Y – one letter amino acid code) on the cytoplasmic side of the receptor are phosphorylated. Label what type of receptor this is. This leads to the receptor activating a cytoplasmic protein F which then activates a kinase K which then activates protein Z (diagram what is happening here – how is protein Z activated). Protein Z activation results in several genes being expressed. Label all your parts (don’t forget to label the ligand). Circle the signal transduction pathway and put a box around the cell response.
Rous Sarcoma Virus can cause cancer in infected cells. The tumor causing nature of the virus is linked to it harbouring a gene that codes for a unique receptor tyrasine kinase (RTK). What is it about the tyrosine kinase that accounts for the tumor-causing nature of the virus? O It is unrelated to any human kinase and thus is able to act uncontrollably in causing cell division. O It cantain activate downstream effectors without binding to a SH2 domain. O It lacks the carboxy-terminal regulatory domain that is present in RTKS of non-cancerous cells.
2. Following Figure shows that intracellular signaling pathways can be highly interconnected? signal molecule plasma membrane activated GPCR activated RTK G protein G protein → phospholipase C PI 3-kinase Ras-GEF phosphorylated inositol phospholipid adenylyl cyclase IP3 diacylglycerol Ras Ca+ MAP kinase kinase kinase cyclic AMP protein kinase 1 calmodulin MAP kinase kinase PKA CaM-kinase РКС MAP kinase Akt kinase ALTERED CELL BEHAVIOR ECB4 EQ16.51/Q16.61 From the information in above Figure, which of the following statements is incorrect, and explain your opinion(explanation)? A. The GPCR and the RTK both activate phospholipase C. B. Activation of either the GPCR or the RTK will lead to activation of transcriptional regulators. C. CaM-kinase is only activated when the GPCR is active and not when the RTK is active. D. Ras is activated only when the RTK is active and not when the GPCR is active.
You are studying a pathogenic bacterium which secretes a toxin that affects G protein receptor signaling. You perform a preliminary experiment in which you examine intracellular CAMP levels in untreated and toxin treated cells. The data is in the figure below. How does the toxin affect CAMP levels due to G protein receptor signaling? Select all that apply CAMP levels 250 200 150 100 50 0 no Toxin with Toxin The toxin stimulates GTP binding to the Gas subunit The toxin stimulates GTP binding to the Gai subunit The toxin inhibits GAP or GTPase activating proteins The toxin stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity
The figure below shows how normal signaling works with a Ras protein acting downstream of a receptor tyrosine kinase. CYTOSOL active receptor tyrosine kinase Taratas THERI signal molecule 00 active signaling Q Search active Ras protein GTP 99+ Į SIGNALING Il app.honorlock.com is sharing your screen. ✡ active signaling protein Y a
Describe the protein kinase cascade stimulated by epinephrine in liver cells or by insulin in muscle cells. How can it go wrong? What happens if it goes wrong? Explain the usefulness of protein kinase cascades and mechanisms to shut them down. Please give explanations for every step of this pathway. Define all technical terms you use.