Based on your understanding of how glycine metabolism is associated with cancer cell proliferation,the following figure best illustrates which aspect specifically?CO2aspartateformateоо-C 3glutamins9glycine8C--formateGlycine contributes to the biosynthesis of purines, where it contributes twocarbon atoms and a nitrogen atom as part of the purine ring structureGlycine is a component of glutathionine and plays a critical role as the mainantioxidant moleculeGlycine fuels heme biosynthesis in the mitochondriaGlycine has critical role in the cell's balance of NADP+/NADPH ratios

Cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Glycine is an amino acid and an important…

Answered: Based on your understanding of how…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Describe the biochemical role of coenzyme Q10 and how supplementation may impact metabolism. Be sure to address the key terms listed below as part of your discussion; you may address additional etiologies as well. coenzyme Q Complex I Complex II Complex III ubiquinone ubiquinol Electron transport chain Oxidative phosphorylation Reactive oxygen species
Two of the steps in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate (steps 4 and 5 in the figure) do not involve any of the three carbons of pyruvate, yet are essential to the operation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. CH3 Pyruvate Hydroxyethyl TPP 1 TPP TPP CHOH 1 CH3 2 Pyruvate dehydrogenase, E₁ CH3 SH Acetyl lipoyllysine 515 CoA-SH CH3- C-S-COA Acetyl-CoA Oxidized lipoyllysine. Reduced 3 lipoyllysine Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, E₂ Lys FAD -SH SH FADH₂ Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, E3 NADH + H+ NAD+
TPI deficiency is a rare human condition. Patients who lack TPI cannot convert the triose dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.What happens to glycolysis in TPI patients?TPI patients suffer from chronic hemolytic anemia (abnormal breakdown of red blood cells) and have variable neuromuscular dysfunctions, including muscle weakness, poor muscle tone, and atrophy. Most die of respiratory failure during childhood. Explain why TPI-deficient patients exhibit these conditions using the diagram to justify your answer. TPI is enzyme 5.G6PD deficiency is one of the most common human genetic conditions, affecting about 40 million people worldwide. Patients suffer from hemolytic anemia when exposed to certain drugs, viral or bacterial disease, or fava beans.
Glutathione is an important intracellular thiol. List fivefunctions of glutathione in the body
Prostaglandins are a class of eicosanoids, fatty acid derivatives with a variety of extremely potent actions on vertebrate issues. They are responsible for producing fever and inflammation and its associated pain. Prostaglandins are derived from he 20-carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase. This enzyme, a cyclooxygenase, uses oxygen to convert arachidonic acid to PGG2, the immediate precursor of many different prostaglandins. Arachidonic Rate of formation Rate of formation of PGG2 with 10 mg/ml acid (mM) of PGG2 (mM/min) ibuprofen (mM/min) 0.285 21.3 13.3 0.342 24.0 15.4 0.513 30.3 20.6 0.855 38.4 28.2 2.00 49.8 41.5 The kinetic data given in the table are for the reaction catalyzed by a mutant of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase. Focusing here on the first two columns, determine the Vmax and Km of the enzyme. mM/min Vmax mM Km buprofen is an inhibitor of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase. By inhibiting the…
Which of the following statements is not true about the catalytic triad in chymotrypsin? Group of answer choices the side chain of the serine 195 is hydrogen bonded to the imidazole ring of histidine the -NH group of the imidazole ring of histidine is hydrogen bonded to the carboxylate group of aspartate 102 the histidine residue serves to position the aspartate 102 side chain and to polarize its carboxylate group so that it is poised for deprotonation histidine acts as a general base catalyst none of these
Based on the image below, select the correct statement HN Aspartate Rib-P Inosinate (IMP) IMP H₂O OOC-CH₂- COO NH Fumarate N 274 adenylosuccinate lyase Rib-P Adenylosuccinate GTP GDP + P₁ adenylosuccinate IMP synthetase NAD+ NADH + H+ dehydrogenase Figure 22-36 Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Sixth Edition ©2013 W. H. Freeman and Company H HN H -N Gin Rib P Xanthylate (XMP) NH₂ Rib P Adenylate (AMP) Glu ATP AMP + PP₁ XMP-glutamine amidotransferase HN H₂N O GTP is phosphorylated in the conversion of IMP to GMP GTP is phosphorylated in the convertion of IMP to AMP GTP is dephosphorylated in the conversion of IMP to GMP O GTP is dephosphorylated in the conversion of IMP to AMP Rib-P Guanylate (GMP) GMP
The metabolic precursor for the production of most eicosanoids is
Refer to the figure below: -Adenosine COAS The thiolate anion of CoA acts as a/an nucleophile attacking the carbonyl carbon of the enzyme bound intermediate, displacing AMP and forming a fatty acyl CoA. Which of the following glycolytic intermediates could be regarded as a high-energy molecule? Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Phosphoenolpyruvate Fructose 6-phosphate 3-Phosphoglycerate
Consider the mechanism of enolase, as indicated below. Which of the following correctly describes the roles of the Mg2+ as illustrated in the figure? (This is a multi- select question). Mg2+ Mg2 Enolase PO3- OH -C-C-H H OH HO H-N-H Lys 345 Glu211 2-Phosphoglycerate bound to enzyme Mg2+ Mg2 PO3- OH C-C-H OH HO H H-N*-H Lys 345 O Glu211 Enolic intermediate HOH PO3- H Phosphoenolpyruvate The metal ion (Mg2+) is helping to stabilize the extra negative charge that developed on the carboxyl group in the enolic intermediate. The metal ion (Mg2+) is serving as a general base, removing a proton in order to improve the quality of the nucleophile. The metal ion (Mg2+) is assisting in the oxidation of the carboxyl carbon through metal ion catalysis. The metal ion (Mg2+) is helping to orient the substrate properly in the active site. The metal ion (Mg2+) is accepting a proton in order to improve the quality of the leaving group.
Cyclic AMP (CAMP) is an important signaling molecule in cells. The synthesis and degradation of CAMP is diagrammed in the following figure: ATP ©2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 12pt Adenylyl cyclase Edit View Insert Format Tools Table Paragraph Pyrophosphate 3'c- P-P₁ 5'C BI Both caffeine (coffee, cola) and theophylline inhibit the enzyme phosphodiesterase that converts CAMP to AMP, allowing cAMP levels to temporarily remain high. Briefly discuss the possible effect of these drugs on the second messenger action of CAMP. What might the effect of caffeine of theophylline be on a signaling pathway? CAMP UA Phosphodiesterase T² H₂O AMP ⠀
Consider the each of the amino acids in the peptide below. Ala-Ile-Asp-Arg-Gln-Gly-Pro-Gly-Ala-Tyr-Val-Ile-Gln-Leu If all of the amino acids are degraded to yield energy (ATP), explain how many Acetyl CoAs for oxidation to CO2 could be produced from this peptide. note: Do not make glucose at the beginning, however converting the TCA intermediates into molecules in the glycolytic pathway for optimal Acetyl CoA production is allowed. Be sure to show clearly which pathway will the Acetyl CoA enter (to yield ATP ultimately) under such condition

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