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- O O O A new virus is discovered. Its RNA genome encodes several proteins, including a reverse transcriptase enzyme. What can you conclude about replication of this virus? Its replication involves a double-stranded RNA intermediate Its replication involves a DNA copy of its genome Its replication depends entirely on cellular enzymes Its replication is entirely independent of cellular enzymes 00 A deficiency in Base Excision Repair (BER) would primarily sensitize you to mutations caused by radiation, X-rays O Chemicals in smoke, and UV radiation O Unavoidable, spontaneously occurring DNA damageDuring transduction, how does bacterial DNA end up in a phage (virus)? The phage is equally likely to incorporate bacterial DNA as phage DNA The bacteria forces it's own DNA into the phage to make this to happen This only happens in the lab. It's not real. The virus occasionally incorporates bacterial DNA by mistake How has DNA sequencing technology changed over time? It has become cheaper but is still a lengthy process O It has become cheaper and faster O The methods are simpler but the cost is still high O This technology has not changed in fifty years In the Griffith experiment, why didn't the bacteria from rough colonies harm the mice? Because they had been heat killed Because they do not make a capsule layer Because they do not take up DNA from the environment Because they were not actually StreptococcusThe process by which non-viral DNA is brought into a bacterial cell by a phage is referred to as Transformation OTranslation O Vaccination O Ligation O Transduction O Transposition Conjugation
- The process in which recipient bacterial cells acquire genes from cell-to-cell contact with other cells is called O Transposition Vaccination O Ligation Transduction O Conjugation O Transformation O TranslationBONUS: Why do RNA viruses such as the COVID coronavirus, influenza virus and HIV have much higher mutation rates than DNA viruses such as Herpes viruses? O DNA polymerases which copy viral RNA have much higher mutation rates than RNA polymerases which copy viral DNA O RNA polymerases which copy viral RNA have much higher mutation rates than DNA polymerases which copy viral DNA RNA viral 60S ribosomes make many ore mutations than DNA viral 40S ribosomes O RNA viral gyrases make more mistakes than DNA viral helicasesWhich viruses have potential for the highest mutation rates, DNA or RNA viruses? Explain O DNA viruses as DNA polymerases do not proofread thus make many mistakes/mutations when viral RNA is copied DNA viruses as DNA polymerases do not proofread thus make many mistakes/mutations when viral DNA is copied RNA viruses as DNA polymerases do not proofread thus make many mistakes/mutations when viral DNA is copied RNA viruses as RNA polymerases do not proofread thus make many mistakes/mutations when viral RNA is copied and DNA polymerases do proof read
- Transfer of a donor chromosome fragment by a bacteriophage is defined as O Transduction O Budding O Conjugation O TransformationWhich step(s) occur in the lysogenic replication cycle of temperate phage but does not occur in the lytic replication cycle? O adsorption O biosynthesis O assembly O release O formation of prophage and lysogenAll of the following lead to horizontal gene transfer EXCEPT. O plasmids transfer of genetic material from parent to progeny transposable elements viral infection 0000
- Your friend hasn't been feeling well, and you think that she should get tested because it could be a virus or even multiple viruses! Nancy is conducting a qPCR experiment to detect how much of virus A, B, and/or C your friend is infected with. All three viruses contain RNA as their genetic material. Nancy takes a saliva sample and is excited to begin. However, it's her very first time conducting qPCR so a few mishaps occurred during this experiment. Unfortunately... ● Nancy forgets to reverse transcribe the RNA of virus A, and • The cDNA of virus C contains a mutation where the probe is designed to bind, and • Nancy uses the same color fluorescent dye for viruses B and C Fortunately, all the probes consisted of a fluorescent and quenching dye. Which qPCR graph is most representative of Nancy's experiment after several cycles of qPCR? Explain why the answer you chose is correct. A. (₁ Fluorescence B B # of Cycles A A # of Cycles с B. D. Fluorescence B # of Cycles B # of Cycles сThe type of viral replication in which a bacteriophage inserts its DNA into the host genome and stops making viral particles is called the O Intermediate cycle O Lysogenic cycle O Lytic cycle O Vicious cycle MacBook Air F12 F11 288 FO F10 F7 FB F5 F4 %23 %24 delete 8. 3 5 *00Which of the following is a difference between a viroid and a virus? O viroids contain some genes important for their own replication while viruses rely entirely on host cell enzymes for their replication viroids are alive and viruses are not O viroids are not infectious particles and viruses often cause disease O viroids are composed solely of nucleic acid while viruses are composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat O viroids infect only plants while viruses infect only animals and prokaryotes
